Table 4.
Characteristics of the glycated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) cohort.
| Variables | Model-nonconcordant group (n=99,819) | Model-concordant group (n=78,670) | P valuea | |
| Age (years), mean (SD) | 64.17 (12.23) | 64.61 (11.68) | <.001 | |
| Gender (female), n (%) | 48,450 (48.5) | 39,386 (50.1) | <.001 | |
| Ethnicity, n (%) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Chinese | 69,019 (69.1) | 56,622 (72.0) | <.001 |
|
|
Indian | 10,658 (10.7) | 7,416 (9.4) | <.001 |
|
|
Malay | 15,961 (16.0) | 11,701 (14.9) | <.001 |
| Smoker/exsmoker, n (%) | 10,008 (10.0) | 7644 (9.7) | .03 | |
| Duration of diabetes (years), mean (SD) | 12.14 (8.11) | 10.01 (7.52) | <.001 | |
| HbA1c (%), mean (SD) | 8.08 (1.39) | 6.94 (1.15) | <.001 | |
| SBPb (mmHg), mean (SD) | 133.06 (16.77) | 131.71 (16.47) | <.001 | |
| DBPc (mmHg), mean (SD) | 69.72 (9.40) | 69.33 (9.35) | <.001 | |
| LDL-cd (mmol/L) mean (SD) | 2.27 (0.76) | 2.19 (0.70) | <.001 | |
| TGe (mmol/L), mean (SD) | 1.61 (0.95) | 1.46 (0.79) | <.001 | |
| BMI (kg/m2), mean (SD) | 26.75 (5.79) | 26.54 (5.95) | <.001 | |
| eGFRf (mL·min-1·1.73m–2), mean (SD) | 80.56 (33.84) | 84.14 (30.65) | <.001 | |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 92,235 (92.4) | 72,066 (91.6) | <.001 | |
| Hypercholesterolemia, n (%) | 97,506 (97.7) | 76,385 (97.1) | <.001 | |
| Macrovascular complications, n (%) | 26,347 (26.4) | 19,604 (24.9) | <.001 | |
| Microvascular complications, n (%) | 44,904 (45.0) | 29,614 (37.6) | <.001 | |
aBased on a t test or χ2 test.
bSBP: systolic blood pressure.
cDBP: diastolic blood pressure.
dLDL-c: low-density lipoprotein cholesterol.
eTG: triglycerides.
feGFR: estimated glomerular filtration rate.