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. 2021 Jul 29;12_suppl:20406223211014025. doi: 10.1177/20406223211014025

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© The Author(s), 2021

This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits non-commercial use, reproduction and distribution of the work without further permission provided the original work is attributed as specified on the SAGE and Open Access page(https://us.sagepub.com/en-us/nam/open-access-at-sage).

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Figure 1. — Epigenetics in smoking-associated lung disease. Epigenetic modifications for cigarette smoking-related pulmonary biological activity mostly occur through DNA methylation, histone modification, and microRNAs.

COCH₃, acetyl group; DNMT1, DNA (cytosine-5)-methyltransferase 1; HAT, histone acetyltransferases; HDAC, histone deacetylases; miRNA, microRNA.

Source: Adapted with permission from Hu and Ren.⁵⁴