Table 1.
Studies investigating CC volumetry in patients with ASD compared with typically developing control subjects
| Study | Subjects | Age years (SD) | Full-scale IQ | MRI methods | Significant findings in ASD relative to controls |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Herbert et al. (2004) | 13 AD 21 DLD 29 TD |
9.0 (0.9) 8.2 (1.6) 9.1 (1.2) |
PIQ > 80 PIQ > 80 n.r. |
Quantitative volumetric analysis, 1.5 T |
No differences in CC volume |
| Waiter et al. (2004) | 16 ASD 16 TD |
15.4 (2.24) 15.5 (1.6) |
100.4 (21.7) 99.7 (18.3) |
VBM, 1.5 T | No differences in CC volume |
| Waiter et al. (2005) | 15 ASD 16 TD |
15.2 (2.2) 15.5 (1.6) |
100.5 (22.4) 99.7 (18.3) |
VBM, 1.5 T | Reduction in CC volume, particularly in the posterior regions |
| Vidal et al. (2006) | 24 HFA 26 TD |
10.0 (3.3) 11.0 (2.5) |
95.9 (11.5) 104.8 (11.7) |
Three-dimensional surface models, 3 T | Reduction in the splenium and genu of CC |
| Alexander et al. (2007) | 43 ASD 34 TD |
16.2 (6.7) 16.4 (6.0) |
PIQ 107.5 (13.0) PIQ 112.8 (12.1) |
DTI, 3.0 T | Reduction in CC volume, particularly in the anterior regions |
| Bonilha et al. (2008) | 12 AD 16 TD |
12.4 (4) 13.2 (5) |
n.r. n.r. |
VBM, 2.0 T | No differences in CC volume |
| Ke et al. (2008) | 17 HFA 15 TD |
8.9 (2.0) 9.7 (1.7) |
108.8 (19.1) 109.8 (19.2) |
VBM, 1.5 T | No differences in CC volume |
| Hardan et al. (2009) | 22 ASD 23 TD |
10.7 (1.4) 10.5 (1.4) |
95.1 (20.4) 116.2 (13.2) |
ROI manual tracing, 1.5 T |
Reduction in CC volume |
| Keary et al. (2009) | 32 ASD 34 TD |
19.8 (10.2) 18.6 (9.1) |
102.9 (13.6) 104.0 (10.5) |
ROI manual tracing, 1.5 T |
Reduction in CC volume, particularly in the anterior regions |
| McAlonan et al. (2009) | 18 HFA 18 ASP 54 TD |
11.6 (2.9) 11.2 (2.5) 10.7 (2.7) |
VIQ 114.8 (19.1) VIQ 109.8 (16.2) VIQ 117.1 (18.1) | VBM, 1.5 T | Reduction in the genu of CC in HFA and ASP |
| Duan et al. (2010) | 30 ASD 28 TD |
Age range: 3–30 Age range: 3–30 | ≥ 40 n.r. |
ROI manual tracing, 1.5 T |
Reduction in CC volume and in all its sub-regions |
| Ecker et al. (2010) | 22 ASD 22 TD |
27 (7) 28 (7) |
104 (15) 111 (10.0) |
VBM, 3.0 T | No differences in CC volume |
| Toal et al. (2010) | 26 AD 39 ASP 33 TD |
30 (8) 32 (12) 32 (9) |
84 (23) 106 (15) 105 (12) |
VBM, 1.5 T | No differences in CC volume |
| Anderson et al. (2011) | 53 HFA 39 TD |
22.4 (7.2) 21.1 (6.5) |
PIQ 101.3 (16.5) PIQ 114.2 (13.9) |
Automated volumetric segmentation, 3.0 T | Reduction in CC volume |
| Cheng et al. (2011) | 25 ASD 25 TD |
13.7 (2.5) 13.5 (2.1) |
101.6 (18.9) 109.0 (9.5) |
VBM, 1.5 T | No differences in CC volume |
| Hong et al. (2011) | 18 HFA 16 TD |
8.7 (2.2) 9.8 (1.9) |
105.2 (21.1) 106.1 (20.1) |
ROI manual tracing, 1.5 T |
No differences in overall CC volume and its sub-regions |
| Mengotti et al. (2011) | 20 AD 22 TD |
7.0 (2.7) 7.7 (2.0) |
Evaluated, but n.r. |
DTI and VBM, 1.5 T | No differences in CC volume |
| Riva et al. (2011) | 21 LFASD 21 TD |
6.6 (2.5) 6.10 (2.1) |
52.5 (9.8) normal IQ |
VBM, 1.5 T | No differences in CC volume |
| Thomas et al. (2011) | 12 HFA 18 TD |
28.5 (9.7) 22.4 (4.1) |
106.9 (10.5) 111.6 (9.9) |
DTI, 3.0 T | Reduction in the body of CC |
| Calderoni et al. (2012) | 38 ASD (19 with DD, 19 no DD) 38 controls (19 with DD, 19 TD) |
4.4 (1.5) 4.4 (1.6) |
72 (20) 73 (25) |
VBM, 1.5 T | No differences in CC volume |
| Frazier et al. (2012) | 23 ASD 23 TD |
10.6; range: 8–12 10.5; range: 7–13 |
94.6 (20.0) 116.2 (13.2) |
ROI manual tracing, 1.5 T |
Reduction in CC volume |
| Frazier et al. (2012)* | 18 ASD 19 TD |
13.1; range: 9–15 12.4; range: 9–16 |
94.6 (20.0) 116.2 (13.2) |
ROI manual tracing, 1.5 T |
Reduction in CC volume, with the exception of rostral body |
AD, autistic disorder; ASD, autism spectrum disorders; ASP, Asperger's syndrome; DD, developmental delay; DLD, developmental language disorder; CC, corpus callosum; DTI, diffusion tensor imaging; HFA, high-functioning autism; LFA, low-functioning autism; no DD, without developmental delay; n.r., not reported; PIQ, performance IQ; ROI, region of interest; TD, typically developing control subjects; VBM, voxel-based morphometry.
*Follow-up study.