Table 1. Baseline study characteristics and demographics of included patients.
| Study | Year | Study type | Total patients | Mean age, years (SD) | Male, n (%) | Etiology of “defect”, n | ||
| Surgery | Nonsurgical iatrogenic | Spontaneous | ||||||
| Berlth et al. | 2018 | Retrospective | 35 | 64.3 (11.8) | 29 (85.3 %) | 35 | 0 | 0 |
| Bludau et al. | 2018 | Retrospective | 77 | 63.2 (14.1) | 51 (66.2 %) | 59 | 12 | 6 |
| Brangewitz et al. | 2013 | Retrospective | 32 | 63.8 (11.3) | 28 (87.5 %) | 30 | 1 | 1 |
| Heits et al. | 2014 | NR | 10 | 66 (10.6) | 5 (50.0 %) | 0 | 4 | 6 |
| Jeon et al. | 2019 | Retrospective | 22 | 67.3 (7.2) | 17 (77.3 %) | 22 | 0 | 0 |
| Jung et al. | 2020 | Retrospective | 30 | 65.4 | 20 (66.7 %) | 23 | 5 | 2 |
| Kuehn et al. | 2015 | Retrospective | 21 | 68.3 (8.9) | 15 (71.4 %) | 11 | 8 | 2 |
| Laukoetter et al. | 2016 | Prospective | 52 | 66.3 (15.3) | 37 (71.2 %) | 39 | 9 | 4 |
| Loske (1) et al. | 2011 | Case Series | 14 | NR | NR | 10 | 3 | 1 |
| Loske (2) et al. | 2015 | Case Series | 10 | NR | 7 (70.0 %) | 0 | 10 | 0 |
| Mencio et al. | 2018 | Retrospective | 15 | 59.8 | 8 (53.3 %) | 2 | 8 | 5 |
| Mennigen et al. | 2015 | Retrospective | 15 | 57.5 (9.8) | 14 (93.3 %) | 15 | 0 | 0 |
| Min et al. | 2019 | Retrospective | 20 | 65.7 (6.9) | 20 (100.0 %) | 20 | 0 | 0 |
| Moschler et al. | 2015 | NR | 10 | 73.9 (11.7) | 5 (50 %) | 5 | 4 | 1 |
| Noh et al. | 2018 | Retrospective | 12 | 57.1 (3.3) | 12 (100.0 %) | 12 | 0 | 0 |
| Ooi et al. | 2018 | Retrospective | 10 | 56.7 (12.3) | NR | 6 | 3 | 1 |
| Pournaras et al. | 2018 | NR | 21 | NR | NR | 7 | 7 | 7 |
| Schneiwind et al. | 2013 | Retrospective | 17 | NR | NR | 17 | 0 | 0 |
EVAC, endoluminal vacuum-assisted closure; n, number of patients; NR, not reported; SD, standard deviation.