Venous anatomy of the FMR from above. The marginal sinus (MS) lines the margin the foramen magnum and connects to the basilar plexus (BP) anteriorly, the anterior condylar vein (ACV) laterally via the hypoglossal canal (HGC), and the suboccipital cavernous sinus inferiorly (not shown). The anterior condylar vein (AVC) connects with the anterior condylar confluence (ACC), which, in turn, communicates with the inferior petrosal sinus (IPS) and inferior petroclival vein (IPCV) and posteriorly with the lateral condylar vein (LCV), and the jugular bulb and internal jugular vein (JB/IJV). The posterior condylar (emissary) vein (PCV) exits via the posterior condylar canal (PCC).