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. 2021 Aug;42(8):1486–1491. doi: 10.3174/ajnr.A7152

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© 2021 by American Journal of Neuroradiology

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FIG 3. — Arterial anatomy of a typical type 1 FMR AVF. TOF-MRA (A) of the skull base shows abnormal flow-related enhancement in the right hypoglossal canal, corresponding to a fistula (asterisk). Arterial supply from the contralateral ascending pharyngeal artery (hypoglossal branch) crosses the foramen magnum and drains via the IJV. Relative anatomy: an anterior-posterior DSA with injection of the left ascending pharyngeal artery (B) shows hypertrophied arterial channels (double-sided arrow). Lateral DSA of the right ICA (C) shows supply to the fistula (asterisk) from the meningohyposphyseal trunk (MHT). D, Lateral DSA of the right vertebral artery (V₃) shows direct contribution to fistula (asterisk) and drainage via the IJV. NMT indicates neuromeningeal trunk; MS, marginal sinus.