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. 2021 Aug 17;7(8):e07803. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e07803

Table 1.

Binding interactions between the alpha strain modelled spike protein and the ligands. The interactions are calculated using PLIP online server and Discovery Studio Visualizer for the docked complex.

Ligand Binding Energy (kcal/mol) Hydrogen Bonds VDW Non-Covalent Interactions Hydrophobic interactions
Ecamsule -8.7 Arg405
Gln406
Asp402, Glu403, Thr412, Gly413, Lys414, Ser491, Tyr492, Tyr502, Gly493, Tyr498, 400Arg(π-cation)
405Arg (Saltbridge)
502Tyr(πstacking)
402Asp,414Lys,450Tyr,492Tyr
Trypan Blue -8.4 Tyr450
Ser491
Tyr502
Tyr348,446,498
Asn447, Leu452,
Glu490, Gly493
Leu449(π-sigma)
Lys414, Arg400
446Tyr,449Leu,
490Gln,502Tyr
Digoxin -8.3 Tyr450 NA NA Tyr 446,492
Leu492
Naldemedine -8.1 Arg343 Glu337, Ser396,346
Phe344, Ala345, Tyr348, Arg463, Asn351,447
Val338, Ala341,349, Lys353, Ile465 Ala341,349
Arg343, Asn351
Lys353, Ile465
Ergotamine -7.9 NA NA Phe487 Ala349
Phe487
Ponatinib -7.9 Asn447
Ser346
NA Phe487(πstacking)
Ala349, Leu449
Asn351, Phe344
Tyr348(halogen bond)
Leu449,
Phe487
Conivaptan -7.9 NA NA Arg343,
Tyr448,
Leu449
Arg343, Asn447
Tyr448, Leu449
Phe487
Orap -7.9 Arg343
Tyr446
Ser491
NA Tyr448((π-(π)
Ala345,349(π-sigma)
Leu449
Arg343, Asn447
Tyr448, Leu449
Phe487
Trosec -7.8 Tyr498 NA Tyr502(πstacked) Tyr446,492,
Tyr498,502
Gln490