Table 5.

Typical clinical presentation of POTS

Cardiovascular symptoms (pathognomonic)
Cardiovascular system	Main: orthostatic intolerance, orthostatic tachycardia, palpitations, dizziness, lightheadedness, (pre-)syncope, exercise intolerance Other frequent symptoms: dyspnea, chest pain/discomfort, acrocyanosis, Raynaud phenomenon, venous pooling, limb edema
Noncardiovascular symptoms
General symptoms	General deconditioning, chronic fatigue, exhaustion, heat intolerance, fever, debility
Nervous system	Headache/migraine, mental clouding (“brain fog”), cognitive impairment, concentration problems, anxiety, tremulousness, light and sound sensitivity, blurred/tunnel vision, neuropathic pain (regional), sleeping disorders, involuntary movements
Musculoskeletal system	Muscle fatigue, weakness, muscle pain, fasciculations
Gastrointestinal system	Nausea, dysmotility, gastroparesis, constipation, diarrhea, abdominal pain, weight loss
Respiratory system	Hyperventilation, wheezing, shortness of breath
Urogenital system	Bladder dysfunction, nocturia, polyuria
Skin	Petechiae, rashes, erythema, telangiectasias, abnormal sudomotor regulation, diaphoresis, pallor, flushing

Adapted from Fedorowski (67)

POTS postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome