Table I.
Demographic, clinical characteristics, and exposures of surveyed patients
| Variables | All patients, N=105 | Patients without HAI, N=93 | Patients with HAI, N=12 | OR (95% CI) | p-value∗ | Patients on AM, N=29 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Patients' characteristics, n (%) | ||||||
| Gender | 0.764 | |||||
| Female | 47 (44.8) | 41 (44.1) | 6 (50.0) | Ref. | 16 (55.2) | |
| Male | 58 (55.2) | 52 (55.9) | 6 (50.0) | 0.79 (0.20–3.20) | 13 (44.8) | |
| Age (years), Median (IQR) | 34 (24–47) | 0.4901 | ||||
| <20 | 20 (19.0) | 17 (18.3) | 3 (25.0) | Ref. | 5 (17.2) | |
| 20–39 | 47 (44.8) | 40 (43.0) | 7 (58.3) | 29.8 (6.46–201.4) | 16 (55.2) | |
| 40–59 | 25 (23.8) | 23 (24.7) | 2 (16.7) | 0.50 (0.038–4.88) | 6 (20.7) | |
| ≥60 | 13 (12.4) | 13 (14.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0.0 (0.0–3.68) | 2 (6.9) | |
| McCabe score∗∗ | 0.0731∗ | |||||
| Non-fatal diseases | 77 (73.3) | 68 (73.1) | 9 (75.0) | Ref. | 23 (79.3) | |
| Ultimately fatal disease | 16 (15.3) | 16 (17.2) | 0 (0.0) | 0.0 (0.0–2.43) | 2 (6.9) | |
| Rapidly fatal disease | 4 (3.8) | 4 (4.3) | 0 (0.0) | 0.0 (0.0–13.10) | 0 (0.0) | |
| Unknown | 8 (7.6) | 5 (5.4) | 3 (25.0) | 4.53 (0.59–27.65) | 4 (13.8) | |
| Exposure, n (%) | ||||||
| Length of stay (days), Median (IQR) | 8 (5–20) | 0.0143 | ||||
| ≤7 | 42 (40.0) | 41 (44.1) | 1 (8.3) | Ref. | 11 (37.9) | |
| 8–14 | 27 (25.7) | 20 (21.5) | 7 (58.3) | 14.4 (1.65–124.7) | 11 (37.9) | |
| 15–21 | 12 (11.4) | 10 (10.8) | 2 (16.7) | 8.20 (0.67–99.70) | 4 (13.8) | |
| ≥22 | 24 (22.9) | 22 (23.6) | 2 (16.7) | 3.73 (0.32–43.44) | 3 (10.4) | |
| Peripheral venous catheter | 1.000 | |||||
| No | 73 (69.5) | 65 (69.9) | 8 (66.7) | Ref. | 10 (34.5) | |
| Yes | 32 (30.5) | 28 (30.1) | 4 (33.3) | 0.86 (0.21–4.24) | 19 (65.5) | |
| Indwelling urinary catheter | 0.003 | |||||
| No | 89 (84.8) | 83 (89.2) | 6 (50.0) | Ref. | 20 (69.0) | |
| Yes | 16 (15.2) | 10 (10.8) | 6 (50.0) | 8.30 (2.24–30.70) | 9 (31.0) | |
| Documented comorbidities | 0.537 | |||||
| No | 63 (60.0) | 57 (61.3) | 6 (50.0) | Ref. | 19 (65.5) | |
| Yes | 42 (40.0) | 36 (38.7) | 6 (50.0) | 1.58 (0.47–5.29) | 10 (34.5) | |
| Surgery in past 30 days | 0.011 | |||||
| No | 78 (74.3) | 73 (78.5) | 5 (41.7) | Ref. | 14 (48.3) | |
| Yes | 27 (25.7) | 20 (21.5) | 7 (58.3) | 5.11 (1.46–17.83) | 15 (51.7) | |
| Patients on AM | ||||||
| Yes | 29 (27.6) | 18 (19.4) | 11 (91.7) | - | - | - |
| No | 76 (72.4) | 75 (80.6) | 1 (8.3) | - | - | - |
HAI: healthcare-associated infections, IQR: interquartile range, AM: antimicrobial agent.
∗∗After removing the unknown category in the McCabe score, the p-value is 0.5625.
∗
P-values obtained using Fisher's exact test.