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. 2021 Jun 21;125(4):534–546. doi: 10.1038/s41416-021-01450-6

Fig. 4. In vitro investigation of effects of irradiation on endothelial cell sprouting and angiogenesis.

Fig. 4

ac A time-course experiment following exposure of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) to 2, 5 or 10 Gy irradiation demonstrated reduced HUVEC cell number, morphological cell changes and increased number of cytoplasmic DNA fragments (DAPI, blue). d A ‘hanging drop’ assay demonstrated that endothelial cell sprouting was reduced with increasing irradiation dose at 48 h. Error bars =  standard deviation. **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.0001; one-way ANOVA or unpaired Student’s t test comparing two data groups; data representative of n = 3 independent experiments.