Fig. 3. Canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) biplots.

Each point represents the eukaryotic plankton community composition from a surface ocean sample with year indicated by color and station type (i.e., offshore, nearshore north, or nearshore south) indicated by shape. CCA1 and 2 are depicted (a) as well as CCA1 and 3 (b). Vectors indicate stepwise selected environmental constrains, both biotic and abiotic, with factor names marked at the end. Acronyms for selected environmental factors: SST – sea surface temperature, SiO4 – silicate concentration, mldst – mixed layer depth defined by potential density, XgridCal – X grid or grid station calculated from GPS, YgridCal – Y grid or grid line calculated from GPS, f_sim – fraction of sea-ice melt estimated from δ¹⁸O, f_met – fraction of meteoric water estimated from δ¹⁸O, Chl – chlorophyll concentration, o2ar – biological oxygen supersaturation. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.