Table 4.

Results of multivariable analysis of factors independently associated with burnout, depression, and fatigue among the medical students

Dependent variables	Independent variables	Odds ratio (95% confidence interval)*	P value
Burnout manifestations	Year in training		< .001
	Fourth year	6.1 (2.98 to 12.46)	< .001
	Third year	5.1 (2.63 to 10.11)	< .001
	Second year	3.2 (1.67 to 6.14)	< .001
	First year	1.0 (Reference)	−
	Age (for each additional year older)	1.02 (0.95 to 1.10)	0.51
	Male (versus female)	0.76 (0.48 to 1.18)	0.22
	Campus location		0.79
	Kansas City	1.14 (0.25 to 5.09)	0.87
	Wichita	0.96 (.204 to 4.48	0.95
	Salina	1.0 (Reference)	–
Screened positive for depression	Year in training		0.006
	Fourth year	3.36 (1.71 to 6.61)	< .001
	Third year	2.22 (1.18 to 4.17)	0.013
	Second year	1.85 (1.00 to 3.42)	< .05
	First year	1.0 (Reference)	–
	Age (for each additional year older	0.98 (.91 to 1.05)	0.51
	Male (versus female)	0.80 (.52 to 1.23)	0.31
	Campus location		0.84
	Kansas City	0.73 (.17 to 3.02)	0.66
	Wichita	0.68 (.17 to 2.69)	0.58
	Salina	1.0 (Reference)	–
Low degree of fatigue	Year in training		< .001
	Fourth year	0.13 (.06 to .28)	< .001
	Third year	0.23 (.11 to .45)	< .001
	Second year	0.26 (.13 to .50)	< .001
	First year	1.0 (Reference)	–
	Age (for each additional year older	1.01 (.94 to 1.08)	0.87
	Male (versus female)	1.57 (1.00 to 2.47)	0.51
	Campus location		0.76
	Kansas City	1.10 (.23 to 5.0)	0.94
	Wichita	1.26 (.28 to 5.69)	0.76
	Salina	1.0 (Reference)	–

*Higher odd ratio is more desirable. Odd ratio represents increased risk of burnout, depression, or fatigue in the categorical group relative to the reference group