Table 2.
The demographic and clinical findings of the study participants
| Parameters | Rural | Urban | Total | p-value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Controls (n = 83) | Cases (n = 83) | Controls (n = 66) | Cases (n = 66) | Controls (n = 149) | Cases (n = 149) |
||
| Age range (years) | |||||||
| 0–5 | 37 (44.6%) | 45 (54.2%) | 18 (27.3%) | 18 (27.3%) | 55 (36.9%) | 63 (42.3%) | 0.39 (0.532) |
| 6–10 | 28 (33.7%) | 21 (25.3%) | 25 (37.9%) | 27 (40.9%) | 53 (35.6%) | 48 (32.2%) | 0.13 (0.667) |
| 11–15 | 7 (8.4%) | 8 (9.6%) | 17 (25.8%) | 14 (21.2%) | 24 (16.1%) | 22 (14.7%) | 0.07 (0.784) |
| 16–20 | 11 (13.3%) | 9 (10.8%) | 6 (9.1%) | 7 (10.6%) | 17 (11.4%) | 16 (10.7%) | 0.03 (0.869) |
| Gender | |||||||
| Males | 39 (47.0%) | 30 (36.1%) | 19 (28.8%) | 20 (30.3%) | 58 (38.9%) | 50 (33.6%) | 0.43 (0.509) |
| Females | 44 (53.0%) | 53 (63.9%) | 47 (71.2%) | 46 (69.7%) | 91 (61.1%) | 99 (66.4%) | 0.21 (0.650) |
| Clinical findings | |||||||
| Mean temperature (°C) | 37.7 ± 0.3 | 38.1 ± 0.3 | 37.8 ± 0.4 | 39.0 ± 0.7 | 37.8 ± 0.4g | 38.6 ± 0.6g | 2.9 (0.041)* |
| Abdominal discomfort | 33 (39.8%) | 52 (62.7%) | 36 (54.5%) | 51 (77.3%) | 69 (46.3%) | 103 (69.1%) | 4.2 (0.038) |
| Chills | 29 (24.9%) | 61 (73.4%) | 36 (54.5%) | 62 (94.0%) | 65 (43.6%) | 123 (82.6%) | 11.1 (0.008) |
| Diarrhoea | 11 (13.2%) | 37 (44.6%) | 17 (25.8%) | 48 (72.7%) | 28 (18.8%) | 85 (57.0%) | 21.3 (< 0.001) |
| Fever | 42 (50.6%) | 63 (75.9%) | 39 (59.1%) | 62 (94.0%) | 81 (54.4%) | 125 (83.9%) | 5.6 (0.017) |
| Nausea | 23 (27.7%) | 67 (80.7%) | 30 (45.5%) | 55 (83.3%) | 53 (35.6%) | 122 (81.9%) | 17.5 (< 0.001) |
| Pallor | 17 (20.5%) | 39 (47.0%) | 38 (57.6%) | 45 (68.2%) | 55 (36.9%) | 84 (56.4%) | 4.1 (0.041) |
| Vomiting | 9 (10.8%) | 48 (57.8%) | 16 (19.3%) | 41 (62.1%) | 25 (16.8%) | 89 (59.7%) | 26.6 (< 0.001) |
*Test statistic and p-value determined by T-test. The other statistics are presented at Chi statistic x2 (p-value)