Table 4.
Haematological parameters among confirmed cases and controls
| Parameters | Mean ± standard deviation | p-value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Controls (n = 149a) | Rural (n = 83) | Urban cases (n = 66) | ||
| White blood cells (× 109/L) | 4.99 ± 1.12 | 6.43 ± 1.14 | 7.95 ± 1.93 | 0.003 |
| Neutrophils (× 109/L) | 3.0 ± 0.14 | 4.0 ± 0.05 | 5.25 ± 0.15 | 0.113 |
| Lymphocytes (× 109/L) | 1.87 ± 0.14 | 2.15 ± 0.05* | 2.08 ± 0.16* | 0.012 |
| Eosinophil (× 109/L) | 0.16 ± 0.03 | 0.19 ± 0.012 | 0.23 ± 0.02 | 0.503 |
| Monocytes (× 109/L) | 0.12 ± 0.02 | 0.23 ± 0.02 | 0.38 ± 0.03 | 0.068 |
| Basophils (× 109/L) | 0.01 ± 0.002 | 0.03 ± 0.002 | 0.03 ± 0.003 | 0.015 |
| Red blood cells (× 1012/L) | 5.08 ± 0.46 | 4.02 ± 0.39 | 3.62 ± 0.57 | 0.022 |
| Haemoglobin (g/dL) | 12.26 ± 1.39 | 12.04 ± 1.45* | 10.53 ± 1.75* | 0.039 |
| Haematocrit (%) | 36.79 ± 3.89 | 31.71 ± 3.93* | 27.88 ± 3.93* | 0.009 |
| Mean cell volume (fL) | 86.51 ± 8.12 | 77.47 ± 6.31* | 79.62 ± 10.80* | 0.011 |
| Mean cell haemaoglobin (pg) | 24.23 ± 2.95 | 30.58 ± 1.97* | 28.29 ± 3.39* | 0.002 |
| Platelet (× 109/L) | 242.90 ± 65.53 | 166.80 ± 75.20* | 126.3 ± 62.52* | 0.001 |
| Mean platelet volume (fL) | 8.61 ± 0.99 | 10.02 ± 1.55* | 8.60 ± 0.87* | 0.012 |
| Plateletcrit (%) | 0.21 ± 0.06 | 0.16 ± 0.07 | 0.16 ± 0.11 | 0.006 |
| Platelet large cell ratio | 16.76 ± 4.62 | 23.32 ± 5.02 | 22.78 ± 4.01 | 0.031 |
*Significant differences between rural and urban parameters, aThe control values presented in the table were mean values of all the control cases selected from both rural and urban communities