Table 1.
Characteristics of patients with COPD and control subjects.
| Cases ( n = 84) | Control ( n = 252) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| % | Mean + SD | % | Mean + SD | P-value | |
| Age (Year) | 57.07 ± 12.47 | 55.05 ± 12.34 | 0.197 | ||
| Sex (Male) | 89.3 | 89.3 | 0.999 | ||
| Married (%) | 90.5 | 87.6 | 0.030 | ||
| University Education (%) | 6 | 9.1 | 0.362 | ||
| Employment status (%) | 21.4 | 12.9 | <0.0001 | ||
| Weight (Kg) | 71.0 ± 14.5 | 73.9 ± 12.7 | 0.077 | ||
| Height (m) | 166.6 ± 9.2 | 169.0 ± 9.2 | 0.040 | ||
| BMI (Kg/m2) | 25.6 ± 4.8 | 25.9 ± 3.8 | 0.550 | ||
| Physical activity (MET/week) | 5285 ± 8097 | 11759 ± 6307 | <0.0001 | ||
| History of pulmonary disease (%) | 39.3 | 19.8 | 0.006 | ||
| Air pollution in habitat (%) | <0.0001 | ||||
| Urban | 41.7 | 78 | |||
| Rural | 41.7 | 13.9 | |||
| Industrial | 16.7 | 8.1 | |||
| Hookah use (%) | 100 | 39.5 | <0.0001 | ||
| Cigarette smoking (%) | <0.0001 | ||||
| Current smoker | 57.1 | 44.8 | |||
| Former smoker | 0.0 | 22.0 | |||
| Never smoker | 31.0 | 7.8 | |||
| Smoke exposure (%) | 16.7 | 12.3 | 0.431 | ||
| FEV1 | 55.2 ± 18.6 | 95.0 ± 12.5 | <0.0001 | ||
| FVC | 71.2 ± 17.9 | 92.6 ± 13.3 | <0.0001 | ||
| FEV1/FVC | 62.7 ± 9.3 | 82.5 ± 6.1 | <0.0001 | ||
COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; BMI, body mass index; FEV1, forced expiratory volume in 1 s; FVC, forced volume capacity.
P-values were calculated by ANOVA for continuous variables and chi-square test for categorical variables.