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. 2021 Aug 3;12:696734. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.696734

Table 1.

Impact of BCG vaccination on experimental murine allergic asthma.

Type of BCG strain Strain condition Animal type Animal age BCG administration route Study times The proposed effects Proposed immune mechanisms compared to asthmatic mice Study year Reference
Time of BCG vaccination Asthma induction times
Pasteur strain 1173P2 Live attenuated BP2 mice 10 days (newborns) i.n. Day 0

  • - OVA sensitization: days 98 and 105

  • - Challenge: day 112

 Preventive

  • ↓ Eosinophilia, pulmonary inflammation and AHR

  • - No change in IFN-γ

 2001 (36)
Day 28 No suppressive effects
Day 56
Tokyo 172, Japan Freeze-dried living BALB/c mice 6 weeks i.p. Day 0

  • - OVA sensitization: days 5 and 12

  • - Challenge: days 19-21

 Preventive

  • ↓ Eosinophilia, pulmonary inflammation, OVA-specific IgE and AHR

  • - The action depended on DCs-induced Tregs

 2014 (37)
Pasteur F1173P2, Korea Live attenuated BALB/c mice 6 weeks i.p. Day 0

  • - OVA sensitization: days 7 and 21

  • - Challenge: days 28-30

 Weak preventive effect

  • ↑ IFN-γ/IL-5 ratio

 2005 (38)
Tokyo 172, Korea preventive

  • ↓ Eosinophilia, IL-5 and AHR

  • ↑ IFN-γ/IL-5 ratio

  • ↓ IL-10
Tice, Netherlands Mild preventive

  • ↓ Eosinophilia

  • ↑ IFN-γ/IL-5 ratio
Connaught, Canada

  • ↓ Eosinophilia
Moreau, Brazil lyophilized BALB/c mice Newly weaned i.d. Day 0 or 30

  • - OVA sensitization: days 60, 67, 74, 81, 88 and 95

  • - Challenge: days 100-102

 Preventive

  • ↓ Eosinophilia, pulmonary inflammation, airway remodeling, IL-4, IL-5, IL-13 and AHR

  • ↑ Tregs and IL-10

 2013 (39)
i.n.
Moreau sub strain, Brazil Live attenuated BALB/c mice 10 days i.n. Day 0

  • - OVA sensitization: day 3

  • - Challenge: days 16, 17, 23 and 24

 Preventive

  • ↓ Eosinophilia, pulmonary inflammation, IL-4, IL-5, IL-25

  • And OVA-specific IgE

  • ↑ IL-12

  • ↑ pulmonary DCs and its expression of TLR-2, TLR-4 and PD-L1

  • ↑ IL-10 and TGF-β

 2017 (40)
Strains were obtained from; Behring, Marburg, Germany Live attenuated BALB/c mice 6 -8 weeks i.v. Day 0

  • - OVA sensitization: days 14, 28 and 35

  • - Challenge: days 40 and 41

 Preventive

  • ↓ Eosinophilia IL-4, IL-5 and OVA-specific IgE

  • ↑ IFN-γ

  • ↓ IL-10

 1998 (41)
D2‐BP302, shanghai, China Freeze‐dried living C57BL/6 mice Neonates i.d. Days 0, 7 and 14

  • - OVA sensitization: days 35 and 49

  • - Challenge: day 63

 Preventive

  • ↓ Eosinophilia, pulmonary inflammation, mucus overproduction IL-4, IL-5 and AHR

  • ↑ IFN-γ

 2008 (42)

  • - OVA sensitization: days 35 and 49

  • - Challenge: day 315

  • ↓ Eosinophilia, pulmonary inflammation and AHR

  • - No changes in IL-4 nor IL-5
D2-BP302, Shanghai, China Freeze-dried living C57BL/6 mice Neonates s.c. Days 0, 7 and 14

  • - OVA sensitization: days 56 and 70

  • - Challenge: days 80-82

 preventive

  • ↓ Eosinophilia, pulmonary inflammation

  • ↑ IFN-γ

  • ↑ Th1 cells migration to the lung

 2013 (43)
Tokyo 172 live attenuated BALB/c mice 6 weeks i.n. Day 0

  • - OVA sensitization: days 0, 7, 14 and 21

  • - Challenge: days 28-30

 Preventive and/or therapeutic effects with s.c. more than IN route

  • ↓ Eosinophilia and AHR

  • ↑ IFN-γ and IFN-γ/IL-5 ratio

 2007 (44)
s.c.
Tokyo 172, Korea Live attenuated BALB/c mice 6 weeks i.p. Day 0

  • - OVA sensitization: days 0 and 14

  • - Challenge: days 21-23

 Preventive and/or therapeutic

  • ↓ Eosinophilia, AHR

  • ↓ IL-17A

  • ↑ IFN-γ/IL-5 ratio

 2010 (45)
Heat killed Weak suppressive effects Weak changes
Strains obtained from Shanghai Research Laboratory of Biological Products Inactivated Sprague‐Dawley rats 4 weeks i.d.

  • - Days 0

  • - continued 2 times each

  • week, for a total of 9 weeks

  • - OVA sensitization: days 3 and 18

  • - Challenge: day 25, then 3 times each

  • week, for a total of 6 weeks

 Preventive and/or therapeutic

  • ↓ pulmonary inflammation, airway re- modeling and AHR

  • ↑ Tregs, TGF-β and CTLA-4 expression

 2016 (46)
Tice; Organon, West Orange, NJ) Lyophilized BALB/c mice 4-5 weeks i.n. Day 33

  • - OVA sensitization: days 0, 14 and 28-30

  • - Challenge: days 32 and 40

 Therapeutic

  • ↓ Eosinophilia, IL-5 and AHR

  • ↑ IFN-γ

 2002 (47)
i.p. Weak suppressive effects Weak changes
Moreau sub-strain, Brazil Live attenuated BALB/c mice 6-8 weeks i.n. Days 35 and 42

  • - OVA sensitization: days 0 and 14

  • - Challenge: days 28-30, 34, 41, 63

 Therapeutic

  • ↓ Eosinophilia, pulmonary inflammation, IL-4, IL-13 and OVA-specific IgE

  • ↑ IFN-γ

  • ↑ Tregs, IL-10 (by CD8+) and TGF-β

 2012 (48)

OVA, Ovalbumin; DCs, dendritic cells; i.d., intradermal; i.n., intranasal; i.p., Intraperitoneal; S.C., Subcutaneous.