Table 1.
Summary values from all 12 experiments and averages for control, hydroxychloroquine, azithromycin, and hydroxychloroquine plus azithromycin for action potential duration and conduction velocity measurements
| # | Group | APD250b [ms] | APD250a [ms] | APDlimb [ms] | APDlima [ms] | CVb [cm/s] | CVa [cm/s] |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Control | 138.9 ± 0.5 | 152.4 ± 0.6 | 197.1 ± 7.7 | 177.9 ± 6.7 | 57.4 ± 0.4 | 69.5 ± 0.9 |
| 2 | Control | 126.3 ± 0.8 | 141.2 ± 0.6 | 175.8 ± 4.3 | 172.8 ± 8.9 | 78.7 ± 0.5 | 65.9 ± 0.5 |
| 3 | HCQ | 131.6 ± 0.7 | 181.3 ± 2.1 | 166.2 ± 2.7 | 311.0 ± 39.0 | 52.7 ± 0.2 | 36.6 ± 0.4 |
| 4 | HCQ | 133.1 ± 0.7 | 172.1 ± 3.5 | 185.0 ± 10.0 | 261.0 ± 27.0 | 85.2 ± 0.9 | 89.4 ± 1.4 |
| 5 | AZM | 145.0 ± 0.5 | 164.7 ± 3.4 | 183.6 ± 5.3 | 229.0 ± 19.0 | 58.9 ± 0.2 | 56.3 ± 1.1 |
| 6 | AZM | 109.2 ± 0.6 | 139.4 ± 3.9 | 130.4 ± 6.5 | 175.0 ± 25.0 | 69.9 ± 0.4 | 49.2 ± 0.6 |
| 7 | HCQ&AZM | 143.1 ± 0.9 | 187.8 ± 2.7 | 157.5 ± 6.6 | 300.0 ± 26.0 | 38.9 ± 0.4 | 49.5 ± 1.4 |
| 8 | HCQ&AZM | 134.0 ± 0.4 | 163.7 ± 0.9 | 162.7 ± 7.6 | 240.0 ± 19.0 | 62.6 ± 0.3 | 49.7 ± 0.3 |
| 9 | HCQ&AZM | 145.0 ± 0.4 | 159.1 ± 2.5 | 201.3 ± 4.5 | 273.0 ± 33.0 | 59.4 ± 0.2 | 55.7 ± 0.9 |
| 10 | HCQ&AZM | 131.8 ± 0.7 | 143.1 ± 2.3 | 200.0 ± 11.0 | 190.0 ± 24.0 | 67.6 ± 0.5 | 73.5 ± 1.1 |
| 11 | HCQ&AZM | 148.0 ± 0.6 | 158.6 ± 1.1 | 216.0 ± 11.0 | 309.0 ± 17.0 | 72.9 ± 0.3 | 68.3 ± 0.7 |
| 12 | HCQ&AZM | 125.9 ± 0.6 | 160.6 ± 2.0 | 205.0 ± 13.0 | 216.0 ± 14.0 | 48.0 ± 0.2 | 49.5 ± 0.5 |
| APD250b [ms] | APD250a [ms] | P value | APDlimb [ms] | APDlima [ms] | P value | CVb [cm/s] | CVa [cm/s] | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Control | 132.6 ± 6.4 | 146.8 ± 5.7 | .14 | 186.5 ± 13.8 | 175.4 ± 5.7 | .40 | 68.1 ± 10.7 | 67.7 ± 2.1 | .96 |
| HCQ | 132.4 ± 1.2 | 176.7 ± 6.1 | <.01 | 175.6 ± 14.0 | 286.0 ± 35.4 | .05 | 69.0 ± 16.3 | 63.0 ± 26.4 | .82 |
| AZM | 127.1 ± 17.9 | 152.1 ± 13.7 | .26 | 157.0 ± 27.9 | 202.0 ± 31.8 | .27 | 64.4 ± 5.5 | 52.8 ± 3.8 | .13 |
| HCQ&AZM | 138.0 ± 3.9 | 162.2 ± 7.7 | .02 | 190.4 ± 25.1 | 254.7 ± 24.4 | <.01 | 58.2 ± 5.2 | 57.7 ± 4.9 | .87 |
Subscript b/a indicates before and after drug treatment. The “before” measurements are performed 30–45 minutes into the experiment before any drug has been added (around 1 hour experiment mark); “after” refers to measurements obtained once measured values reached steady state, typically 2–3 hours after the drugs were added.
P value represents the P value for the difference between the 2 prior columns.
APD250 = action potential duration calculated at 75% repolarization of action potential (APD75), at pacing cycle length (CL) of 250 ms (physiological/natural CL for guinea pigs); APDlim = the estimated limit value of APD75) based on the restitution curve at large CLs; AZM = azithromycin; CV = the average conduction velocity in cm/s for CL of 250 ms; HCQ = hydroxychloroquine.