Table 2. Patient characteristics and comparison by outcomes.
| Characteristics | Total (n = 142) | Survived (n = 131) | Fatal (n = 11) | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Agea | 5.4 (0.6 yr–12.9 yr, 11 days–17.8 yr) | 6.3 (1.1 yr–13.6 yr, 11 days–17.8 yr) | 0.8 (0.2 yr–0.3 yr, 14 days–12.4 yr) | 0.014 | |
| Age by group | 0.042 | ||||
| < 1 yr | 39/142 (27) | 33/131 (25) | 6/11 (55) | ||
| 1–5 yr | 35/142 (25) | 32/131 (24) | 3/11 (27) | ||
| 6–11 yr | 26/142 (18) | 24/131 (18) | 2/11 (18) | ||
| 12–17 yr | 42/142 (30) | 42/131 (32) | 0 | ||
| Male | 87/142 (61) | 82/131 (63) | 5/11 (45) | 0.337 | |
| Diagnosis | |||||
| Myocarditis | 119/142 (83) | 108/131 (82) | 11/11 (100) | ||
| Pericarditis | 16/142 (11) | 16/131 (12) | 0 | ||
| Myocarditis and pericarditis | 7/142 (5) | 7/131 (5) | 0 | ||
| Underlying disease | 37/142 (26) | 31/131 (24) | 6/11 (54) | 0.035 | |
| CHD | 16/142 (11) | 14/131 (11) | 2/11 (18) | 0.358 | |
| Seasonality | 0.735 | ||||
| Mar–May | 35 (25) | 32 (24) | 3 (27) | ||
| Jun–Aug | 31 (22) | 30 (23) | 1 (9) | ||
| Sep–Nov | 39 (28) | 36 (28) | 3 (27) | ||
| Dec–Feb | 37 (26) | 33 (25) | 4 (36) | ||
| Laboratory findingsb | |||||
| WBC, /µL | 10,235 (3,690–73,160) | 10,290 (3,690–73,160) | 10,180 (4,310–43,090) | 0.439 | |
| ANC, /µL | 5,900 (560–49,896) | 6,213 (560–49,896) | 5,200 (1,030–19,820) | 0.625 | |
| CRP, mg/dL | 1.2 (0.1–41.5) | 1.5 (0.1–38.4) | 0.1 (0.1–41.5) | 0.008 | |
| Troponin I, ng/mL | 1.460 (0.006–180.970) | 1.330 (0.006–180.970) | 2.796 (0.050–29.432) | 0.446 | |
| CK-MB, ng/mL | 13.4 (0.2–1,604.5) | 13.4 (0.2–1,604.5) | 17.0 (0.0–149.0) | 0.623 | |
| BNP, pg/mL | 2,051 (10–31,168) | 1,358 (10–31,168) | 4,996 (2,129–13,795) | 0.028 | |
| NT-proBNP, pg/mL | 4,898.0 (9.9–36,874.0) | 4,898.0 (9.9–36,874.0) | 18,113.5 (395.0–35,000.0) | 0.527 | |
| EF, M-mode (%) | 49.0 (7.8–81.7) | 51.6 (7.8–81.7) | 26.2 (15.0–46.7) | 0.004 | |
| Cases of ICU | 99/142 (70) | 88/131 (67) | 11/11 (100) | 0.034 | |
| Cases of ventilator | 56/99 (57) | 45/88 (51) | 11/11 (100) | < 0.001 | |
| Cases of ECMO | 27/99 (27) | 21/88 (24) | 6/11 (55) | 0.007 | |
| Cases of heart transplantation | 10/142 (7) | 10/131 (8) | 0 | ||
| Treatment | |||||
| IVIG | 50/142 (35) | 44/131 (34) | 6/11 (55) | 0.195 | |
| Methylprednisolone | 28/142 (20) | 24/131 (18) | 4/11 (36) | 0.227 | |
Values are presented as median (ainterquartile range and range or brange) or number (%).
Normal reference values: CRP (< 0.50 mg/dL), Troponin I (SMC: < 0.780 ng/mL, SNUCH: < 0.028 ng/mL), CK-MB (SMC: < 5.0 ng/mL, SNUCH: < 6.6 ng/mL), BNP (< 100 pg/mL), NT-proBNP (< 88.0 pg/mL).
CHD = congenital heart disease, WBC = white blood cell, ANC = absolute neutrophil count, CRP = C-reactive protein, BNP = brain natriuretic peptide, EF = ejection fraction, ICU = intensive care unit, ECMO = extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, IVIG = intravenous immunoglobulin.