. 2021 Aug 3;11:704645. doi: 10.3389/fonc.2021.704645

Table 1.

Clinical characteristics of study participants.

Characteristic	Overall					PCa
Characteristic	Total (n = 756)	Benign+low/intermediate-grade PCa (n = 552)	High-grade PCa (n = 204)	t/χ²	P-value	Urban (n = 223)	Rural (n = 207)	t/χ²	P-value
Age, years	70.46 ± 8.07	69.93 ± 7.57	71.88 ± 9.14	−2.722^a	0.007	71.34 ± 9.02	70.45 ± 8.43	1.055^a	0.292
tPSA, ng/ml	23.73 ± 11.78	21.73 ± 9.87	29.14 ± 14.52	−6.736^a	<0.001	24.02 ± 10.23	28.42 ± 13.19	−3.882^a	<0.001
fPSA, ng/ml	5.32 ± 3.13	4.93 ± 2.68	6.39 ± 3.97	−4.859^a	<0.001	5.56 ± 3.46	6.07 ± 3.84	−1.449^a	0.148
(f/t)PSA	0.24 ± 0.16	0.24 ± 0.16	0.23 ± 0.17	0.750^a	0.454	0.24 ± 0.17	0.22 ± 0.15	1.296^a	0.196
PSAD, ng/ml²	0.50 ± 0.29	0.43 ± 0.21	0.69 ± 0.38	−9.264^a	<0.001	0.55 ± 0.31	0.64 ± 0.35	−2.797^a	0.005
Volume, ml	51.26 ± 28.50	52.77 ± 29.12	47.16 ± 26.33	2.525^a	0.012	50.74 ± 28.16	48.89 ± 27.87	0.684^a	0.494
BMI	23.10 ± 3.07	23.19 ± 3.02	22.87 ± 3.21	1.271^a	0.204	23.05 ± 3.14	22.91 ± 3.08	0.466^a	0.641
Rural residence	334 (44.2%)	196 (35.5%)	138 (67.6%)	62.391^b	<0.001	0 (0.0%)	207 (100.0%)	430.000^b	<0.001

PSAD, PSA density; ^a: t value; ^b: χ2 value.