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. 2021 Aug 3;12:680618. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2021.680618

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Copyright © 2021 Honda, Li, Hino, Tsujimoto and Lee.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Dose-response of I_Kr blockers in CT and AM. CT and AM were treated with various concentrations of E-4031, donepezil, and propranolol, and membrane potential (MP) was analyzed by FDSS/μCell imaging platform. Y-axis represents the percentage change from the value before test compound addition. Comparison of MP parameters: beat rate, PWD30cF, PWD80cF, PWD30-80 in CT and AM. Error bars represent SD of the mean from the values of independent experiments. n = 3–12. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01 for comparison of drug treatment of CT vs. AM (right-most panel) representative waveforms for MP in CT or AM after application of 0.1 μM E-4031. Although both CT and AM showed an increase in membrane potential duration, EAD was elicited in CT. E-4031 data: reuse from the conference paper with permission (Honda, 2020).