Table 1.
Characteristics of the included trials.
| First author, Year | Malignant pleural effusions | Interventions | ET | Criteria A/B | O | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tumor | Volume | TH | KPS | AST | IPC | E/C | M/F | Years | Rh-Endostatin | Chemical irritants | ||||
| Rh-Endostatin with Cisplatin (DDP) | ||||||||||||||
| Huang, D.2010 (55) | NSCLC | Unclear | PT/RT | ≥60 | Un | Yes | 18/18 | 20/16 | 27–65 | 45 mg/time, 1 time/w, 3 times | 40 mg/m2 | 3 weeks | Millar, Unclear | O1-3 |
| Li, J.2010 (56) | MTs | Moderate to large | Un | ≥60 | >3 | Yes | 33/34 | Un | 40–70 | 30 mg/time, 1 time/w, 3 times | 40 mg/m2 | 3 weeks | Millar, NCICTC | O1-3 |
| Li, W.2011 (58) | NSCLC | Un | PT/RT | ≥60 | Un | Yes | 21/21 | 25/17 | 25–68 | 45 mg/time, 1 time/w, 3 times | 60 mg/m2 | 3 weeks | Millar, Unclear | O1-3 |
| Mao, L.2011 (60) | MTs | Large | PT | ≥60 | ≥3 | Yes | 45/45 | 49/41 | 27–70 | 45 mg/time, 2 times/w, 4 times | 40mg/m2 | 8 weeks | Millar, NCICTC | O1-3 |
| Jiang, B.2012 (62) | MTs | Moderate to large | Un | >60 | >3 | Yes | 30/30 | 37/23 | 59+11 | 30 mg/time, 2 times/w, 2 times | 60 mg/m2 | 2 months | Millar, NCICTC | O1-3 |
| Liu, X.2012 (64) | NSCLC | Moderate to large | Un | ≥60 | >3 | Yes | 30/30 | 37/23 | 52–68 | 60 mg/time, 2 times/w, Un | 60 mg/m2 | Un | Millar, WHO | O1-3 |
| Miao, H.2012 (66) | LC | Moderate to large | Un | ≥60 | ≥2 | Yes | 24/24 | Un | 29–70 | 45–60 mg/time, 1 time/w,3 times | 40 mg/m2 | 3 weeks | Millar, WHO | O1-3 |
| Shen, Q.2012 (67) | NSCLC | Moderate to large | PT | ≥60 | >3 | Yes | 40/40 | 42/38 | 37–79 | 30 mg/time, 2 times/w, 6 times | 40 mg/m2 | 4 weeks | Millar, WHO | O1-3 |
| Wang, X.2012 (68) | MTs | Moderate to large | Un | Un | Un | Yes | 21/25 | 28/18 | 28–76 | 45 mg/time, 1 time/w, 2 times | 50 mg/m2 | 2 months | Ostrowskimj, Un | O1,3 |
| Han, Z.2013 (71) | MTs | Moderate to large | Un | ≥60 | >3 | Yes | 20/20 | 24/16 | 52–70 | 45 mg/time, 1 time/w, 1–3 times | 20–60 mg/m2 | 4-7 weeks | Millar, NCICTC | O1-4 |
| He, L.2013 (72) | MTs | Un | Un | >60 | Un | Yes | 32/32 | 40/24 | 37–75 | 30 mg/time, 2 times/w, 8 times | 40 mg/m2 | 4 weeks | Millar, Un | O1-3 |
| Kang, L.2013 (73) | MTs | Moderate to large | Un | Un | >3 | Yes | 30/30 | 39/21 | 36–75 | 45 mg/time, 3 times/w, 3 times | 40 mg/m2 | 5 weeks | Millar, NCICTC | O1-3 |
| Yang, Y.2013 (75) | NSCLC | Moderate to large | Un | Un | Un | Un | 21/21 | 27/15 | 37–80 | 30 mg/time, 2 times/w, 6 times | 40 mg/m2 | 3 w-2 years | Millar, Un | O1-4 |
| Zheng, Q.2013 (76) | MTs | Un | Un | ≥60 | ≥3 | Yes | 60/60 | 73/47 | 32–75 | 90 mg/time, 1 time/w, 3–12 times | 30–40 mg/m2 | 12 weeks | Millar, NCICTC | O1-3 |
| Chen, J.2014 (77) | NSCLC | Un | Un | Un | Un | Yes | 30/30 | 44/16 | 46–66 | 45 mg/time, 2 times/w, 6 times | 40 mg/m2 | Un | Millar, Un | O1,3 |
| Huang, L.2014 (78) | NSCLC | Moderate to large | Un | >60 | Un | Yes | 25/25 | 30/20 | 37–80 | 30 mg/time, 2 times/w, 4 times | 50 mg/m2 | 4 weeks | Millar, Un | O1,3 |
| Li, Y.2014 (80) | LC | Un | Un | >60 | >6 | Yes | 42/42 | 46/38 | 62–84 | 60 mg/time, Un, Un | 60 mg/m2 | 4 weeks | Millar, NCICTC | O1-3 |
| Lu, H. 2014 (81) | LC | Moderate to large | Un | ≥60 | ≥3 | Yes | 30/30 | 41/19 | 37–75 | 45 mg/time, 1 time/w, 4 times | 100 mg/m2 | 4 weeks | Millar, WHO | O1,3 |
| Tu, J.2014 (82) | NSCLC | Moderate to large | Un | ≥60 | ≥3 | Yes | 45/45 | 48/42 | 45–70 | 45 mg/time, 2 times/w, 6 times | 40 mg/m2 | 7 weeks | Millar, WHO | O1-3 |
| Yue, G.2014 (84) | NSCLC | Large | PT | ≥60 | ≥3 | Un | 43/43 | 47/39 | 38–69 | 30 mg/time, 2 times/w, 4–6 times | 60 mg/m2 | 4 weeks | Ostrowskimj, Un | O1-3 |
| Dong, M.2015 (85) | MTs | Small to large | Un | ≥50 | >3 | Yes | 23/23 | 25/21 | Un | 30 mg/time, 2 times/w, 4 times | 60 mg/m2 | 6 weeks | Millar, Un | O1-3 |
| Hu, X.2015 (86) | MTs | Moderate to large | PT/RT | ≥60 | ≥3 | Yes | 43/41 | 62/22 | 28–76 | 60 mg/time, 2 times/w, 2–4 times | 40–50mg/m2 | Un | Millar, NCICTC | O1-3 |
| Pang, Z.2015 (87) | MTs | Moderate to large | Un | ≥60 | ≥3 | Yes | 21/25 | 30/16 | 40–75 | 45 mg/time, 3 times/w, 3 times | 40 mg/m2 | Un | Ostrowskimj, Un | O1,3 |
| Zhao, W.2015 (88) | MTs | Moderate to large | Un | ≥50 | ≥3 | Yes | 18/18 | Un | Un | 60 mg/time, 3 times/w, 6 times | 60 mg/m2 | 3 weeks | Millar, NCICTC | O1-3 |
| Chang, Y.2016 (89) | LC | Un | Un | Un | >2 | Yes | 26/26 | 33/19 | 38–77 | 90 mg/time, 2 times/w, 2 times | 60 mg/m2 | Un | Millar, Un | O1,3 |
| Chen, F.2016 (90) | NSCLC | Moderate to large | Un | ≥60 | ≥2 | Yes | 30/30 | 39/21 | Un | 45 mg/time, 1 time/w, 3 times | 40 mg/m2 | 7 weeks | Millar, WHO | O1-3 |
| Chen, R.2016 (91) | NSCLC | Moderate to large | Un | ≥60 | >3 | Yes | 45/45 | 53/37 | 44–76 | 45 mg/time, 2 times/w, 6 times | 40mg/m2 | 3 weeks | Millar, Un | O1-3 |
| He, J.2016 (92) | NSCLC | Moderate to large | Un | ≥70 | >3 | Yes | 27/25 | 32/20 | 54–74 | 30 mg/time, 2 times/w, 6 times | 40 mg/m2 | 7 weeks | Millar, NCICTC | O1-3 |
| Li, Y.2016 (94) | NSCLC | Un | Un | >60 | Un | Un | 31/31 | 35/27 | 36–80 | 30 mg/time, 2 times/w, 4 times | 50 mg/m2 | 4 weeks | Millar, Un | O1,3 |
| Lu, J.2016 (95) | LC | Moderate to large | PT | ≥60 | >3 | Yes | 30/30 | 28/32 | Un | 30 mg/time, 3 times/w, 3–6 times | 30 mg/m2 | 4 weeks | Millar, NCICTC | O1-3 |
| Qin, M.2016 (97) | NSCLC | Moderate to large | Un | ≥60 | Un | Yes | 21/21 | 24/18 | 42–78 | 60 mg/time, 1 time/w, 3 times | 50 mg/m2 | 7 weeks | Millar, NCICTC | O1,3 |
| Song, X. 2016 (98) | MTs | Moderate to large | PT | ≥70 | ≥3 | Yes | 19/17 | 20/16 | 31–78 | 45–60 mg/time, 2 times/w, 2 times | 50 mg/m2 | 2 weeks | Millar, NCICTC | O1-4 |
| Zhang, P.2016 (99) | BC | Small to large | Un | ≥60 | >3 | Yes | 26/25 | 0/51 | 31–64 | 45 mg/time, 3 times/w, 9 times | 40 mg/m2 | 3 weeks | Millar, NCICTC | O1-3 |
| Zheng, W.2016 (100) | NSCLC | Moderate to large | Un | ≥60 | >3 | Yes | 46/46 | 71/21 | 49–72 | 45 mg/time, 3 times/w, 3–6 times | 40 mg/m2 | 1 week | Millar, NCICTC | O1-3 |
| Zhou, J.2016 (101) | NSCLC | Un | Un | >60 | >6 | Yes | 53/53 | 74/32 | 61–83 | 45 mg/time, Un, Un | 60 mg/m2 | 1 week | Millar | O1 |
| Zou, J.2016 (103) | LC | Un | Un | >60 | >3 | Yes | 36/36 | 41/31 | 44–79 | 30 mg/time, 2 times/w, Un | 50 mg/m2 | Un | Millar, Un | O1,3 |
| Che, X.2017 (104) | LC | Large | Un | ≥50 | >3 | Yes | 40/40 | 58/22 | Un | 90 mg/time, 1 time/w, 4 times | 50 mg/m2 | Un | Millar, Un | O1-3 |
| ChiCTR.2017 (126) | MTs | Un | Un | ≥40 | >3 | Un | 29/24 | 35/18 | Un | Un, Un, Un | Un | Un | Millar, Un | O1-3 |
| Feng, Z. 2017 (106) | NSCLC | Moderate to large | Un | Un | Un | Yes | 27/27 | 32/22 | Un | 30 mg/time, 1 time/w, 3 times | 30 mg/m2 | 4 weeks | Millar, | O1 |
| Gui, P.2017 (127) | NSCLC | Moderate to large | Un | Un | ≥3 | Yes | 65/65 | 73/57 | 43–72 | 30 mg/time, 2 times/w, Un | 50 mg/m2 | 4 weeks | Millar, Un | O1-3 |
| Han, Z.2017 (107) | NSCLC | Large | Un | Un | Un | Yes | 15/15 | 16/24 | 37–66 | 30 mg/time, 2 times/w, 1–3 times | 20–40 mg/m2 | 1 weeks | Millar, NCICTC | O1,3 |
| Jia, X.2017 (108) | MTs | Un | PT/RT | ≥70 | ≥3 | Yes | 22/18 | 21/19 | Un | 45 mg/time, 2 times/w, 4 times | 40 mg/m2 | 4 weeks | Millar, NCICTC | O1,3 |
| Lu, X.2017 (109) | NSCLC | Moderate to large | Un | ≥60 | ≥3 | Yes | 31/31 | 35/27 | Un | 45 mg/time, 2 times/w, 4 times | 40 mg/m2 | 7 weeks | Millar, WHO | O1-3 |
| Zhao, Q.2017 (110) | LC | Un | Un | Un | Un | Yes | 34/34 | 37/31 | 46–76 | 45 mg/time, 1 time/w, 4 times | 60 mg/m2 | 4 weeks | Ostrowskimj, Un | O1,3 |
| Chen, X.2018 (111) | LC | Un | Un | Un | Un | Yes | 50/50 | 58/42 | 28–75 | 45 mg/time, 1 time/w, 3 times | 40 mg/m2 | 4 weeks | Millar, Un | O1-3 |
| Fan, Y.2018 (112) | BC | Un | Un | ≥60 | ≥3 | Yes | 45/45 | Un | 41–75 | 60 mg/time, 2 times/w, Un | 60 mg/m2 | Un | Millar, Un | O1-3 |
| Li, T.2018 (113) | LC | Un | Un | Un | Un | Yes | 30/30 | 41/19 | 50–80 | 45 mg/time, 2 times/w, 6 times | 40 mg/m2 | Un | Millar, Un | O1,3 |
| Liu, H.2018 (114) | NSCLC | Moderate to large | PT | Un | ≥3 | Yes | 26/26 | 23/29 | 39–75 | 45 mg/time, 2 times/w, 4–6 times | 30 mg/m2 | 3–4 weeks | Millar, WHO | O1,3 |
| Liu, Y.2018 (115) | NSCLC | Moderate to large | Un | >60 | ≥3 | Yes | 34/34 | 38/30 | 53–72 | 60 mg/time, 2 times/w, Un | 60 mg/m2 | Un | Millar, WHO | O1-3 |
| Qing, S.2018 (116) | NSCLC | Moderate to large | Un | Un | ≥2 | Yes | 28/23 | 22/29 | 49–77 | 35 mg/time, 2 times/w, Un | 60 mg/m2 | 3 w-1 year | Millar, WHO | O1-4 |
| Qiu, H.2018 (117) | BC | Moderate to large | Un | Un | Un | Yes | 23/23 | Un | Un | 60 mg/time, 2 times/w, 8 times | 60 mg/m2 | 4 weeks | Millar, Un | O1,3 |
| Rao, X.2018 (54) | MTs | Moderate to large | PT | ≥60 | ≥6 | Yes | 40/40 | 47/33 | 48–75 | 30 mg/time, 1 time/w, 3 times | 60 mg/m2 | 3 weeks | Millar, Un | O1,3 |
| Reng, D.2018 (118) | LC | Moderate to large | Un | ≥60 | >3 | Yes | 20/20 | 17/23 | 18–75 | 60 mg/time, 1 time/w, 6 times | 40 mg/m2 | 8 weeks | Millar, WHO | O1-3 |
| Song, W.2018 (119) | MTs | Moderate to large | Un | >60 | >3 | Un | 30/30 | 43/17 | Un | 45 mg/time, 2 times/w, 12 times | 60 mg/m2 | 12 weeks | Millar, WHO | O1-3 |
| Wang, R. 2018 (120) | NSCLC | Un | Un | ≥60 | ≥3 | Yes | 30/30 | 35/25 | 44–75 | 45 mg/time, 2 times/w, 6 times | 40 mg/m2 | 3 weeks | Millar, WHO | O1,3 |
| Jiang, W.2019 (121) | LC | Un | Un | Un | Un | Un | 40/40 | 56/24 | 53–79 | 40 mg/time, 1 time/w, 4 times | 40 mg/m2 | 4 weeks | Millar, WHO | O1,3 |
| Tian, L.2019 (122) | MTs | Moderate to large | Un | >60 | >2 | Yes | 48/48 | 57/39 | 50–70 | 40 mg/time, 4 times/w, Un | 30–40 mg/m2 | 4 weeks | Millar | O1,3 |
| Zheng, D.2019 (123) | MTs | Un | Un | Un | Un | Yes | 24/24 | 25/23 | 26–75 | 30 mg/time, 2 times/w, 4 times | 30 mg/m2 | 6 weeks | Ostrowskimj, Un | O1,3 |
| Li, S.2020 (31) | NSCLC | Moderate to large | Un | Un | Un | Yes | 20/20 | 24/16 | 43–71 | 45 mg/time, 1 time/w, 3 times | 40 mg/m2 | 7 w-1 year | Millar, Un | O1-4 |
| Xu, M.2020 (30) | NSCLC | Large | PT/RT | ≥50 | >2 | Yes | 20/20 | 27/13 | Un | 60 mg/time, 2 times/w, 4 times | 40–50 mg/m2 | 5 w-1 year | Millar, NCICTC | O1-4 |
| Rh-endostatin with carboplatin (CBP) | ||||||||||||||
| Liu, Z.2011 (59) | LC | Moderate to large | PT | ≥40 | >3 | Yes | 23/23 | 26/20 | 26–79 | 45 mg/time, 1 time/w, 4 times | 400 mg/m2 | 5 weeks | Millar, Unclear | O1,3 |
| Pang, H.2016 (96) | MTs | Moderate to large | Un | >60 | >3 | Yes | 33/30 | 31/32 | Un | 60 mg/time, 1 time/w, 2 times | 400 mg/m2 | 4 weeks | Millar, NCICTC | O1,3 |
| Rh-Endostatin with Nedaplatin (NDP) | ||||||||||||||
| Yao, Q.2012 (69) | MTs | Moderate to large | Un | ≥60 | ≥3 | Yes | 30/30 | 42/18 | 35–78 | 45 mg/time, 1 time/w, Un | 40 mg/m2 | Un | Millar, WHO | O1-3 |
| Yang, K. 2013 (74) | LC | Moderate to large | PT | ≥70 | >3 | Yes | 28/28 | 38/20 | 44–65 | 7.5 mg/m2, 1 time/w, 6 times | 100 mg/m2 | 10 weeks | Ostrowskimj, Un | O1,3 |
| Xu, J.2014 (83) | NSCLC | Moderate to large | Un | Un | >3 | Yes | 35/35 | 43/27 | 44–70 | 60 mg/time, 1 time/w, 2 times | 60 mg/m2 | 4 weeks | Millar, NCICTC | O1,3 |
| Zhou, Y.2016 (102) | LC | Moderate to large | Un | ≥60 | ≥3 | Yes | 24/24 | Un | 36–72 | 30 mg/time, 1 time/w, 3 times | 60 mg/m2 | 3 weeks | Millar, NCICTC | O1-3 |
| Rh-Endostatin with Lobaplatin (LBP) | ||||||||||||||
| Li, H.2016 (93) | NSCLC | Large | PT/RT | ≥60 | ≥3 | Yes | 50/50 | 57/43 | 36–89 | 30 mg/time,1 time/w, 3 times | 50 mg/m2 | 3 weeks | Millar, Un | O1-3 |
| Chen, X.2017 (105) | NSCLC | Moderate to large | Un | ≥60 | >3 | Yes | 44/44 | 54/34 | 30–89 | 30 mg/time,1 time/2w, 2 times | 30 mg/m2 | 3 years | Millar, Un | O1,3,4 |
| Yin, Y.2020 (29) | MTs | Small to large | Un | Un | >2 | Yes | 30/30 | 34/26 | 35-81 | 60 mg/time, 2 times/w, 4 times | 40 mg/m2 | 2 weeks | Millar, NCICTC | O1-4 |
| Rh-Endostatin with bleomycin (BLM) | ||||||||||||||
| Li, G. Y.2011 (57) | MTs | Moderate to large | Un | ≥60 | Un | Yes | 30/30 | Un | 41–76 | 30 mg/time, 1 time/w, 3 times | 60 mg/m2 | 3 weeks | Millar, NCICTC | O1-3 |
| Zhang, Y.2011 (61) | MTs | Un | Un | ≥60 | Un | Yes | 15/15 | 18/12 | 38–73 | 30 mg/time, 2 times/w, 6 times | 60 mg/m2 | 3 weeks | Millar, NCICTC | O1-3 |
| Luo, J.2012 (65) | NSCLC | Un | Un | Un | Un | Yes | 34/26 | 32/28 | 38–79 | 60 mg/time, Un, Un | 60 mg/m2 | Un | Millar, NCICTC | O1-3 |
| Zhang, J.2012 (70) | LC | Large | Un | ≥60 | Un | Yes | 24/21 | Un | 37–76 | 60 mg/time, 2 times/w, 4 times | 40–60 mg/m2 | 6 months | Millar, WHO | O1-3 |
| Rh-Endostatin with Other(PTX,DDP,BLM) | ||||||||||||||
| Li, C.2014 (79) | LC | Un | Un | Un | Un | Yes | 16/16 | 21/11 | 28–69 | 45 mg/time,1 time/w, 3 times | 135–175 mg/m2 | 4 weeks | Millar, Un | O1-3 |
| Li, H.2012 (63) | MTs | Un | Un | Un | Un | Yes | 30/30 | 32/28 | 46–78 | 45 mg/time,1 time/w, 4 times | 80–100 mg/m2; 30–40 mg/m2 | 4 weeks | Millar, Unclear | O1,4 |
MTs, malignant tumors (lung cancer, breast cancer, malignant lymphoma, gastric cancer, hepatic carcinoma, ovarian cancer, etc.); LC, lung cancer; NSCLC, non-small-cell lung cancer; BC, breast cancer; AST, anticipated survival time; TH, treatment history; E/C, experimental group/control group; F/M, female/male; Experimental group, Endostar plus chemical irritants; Control group, chemical irritants alone; IPCs, indwelling pleural catheters; PTX, paclitaxel; ET, evaluation time; Millar, complete response, partial response, stable disease, and progressive disease (PD); Ostrowskimj, complete response, partial response, and no response. WHO, WHO criteria for adverse drug reactions; Outcomes: O1: clinical responses including complete response, failure, and progressive disease; O2: quality of life (QOL); O3: adverse drug reactions (ADRs) and treatment-related adverse events (TRAEs); O4: survivals.