Table 1.
Baseline Patient and Procedure Characteristics
| Characteristic, unit | IPLF Only (n = 13) |
IPLF + TLIF (n = 83) |
Overall (N = 96) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age in years, mean (SD) | 64.9 (10.2) | 57.9 (11.3) | 58.9 (11.4) |
| Sex, n (%) | |||
| -Male | 8 (61.5) | 37 (44.6) | 45 (46.9) |
| -Female | 5 (38.46) | 46 (55.4) | 51 (53.1) |
| Race/ethnicity, n (%) | |||
| -Caucasian | 10 (76.9) | 67 (80.7) | 77 (80.2) |
| -Black or African American | 3 (23.1) | 12 (14.5) | 15 (15.6) |
| -Hispanic | 0 (0.00) | 4 (4.8) | 4 (4.2) |
| Body mass index in kg/m2, mean (SD) | 35.3 (6.6) | 33.4 (6.6) | 33.7 (6.6) |
| < 30 kg/m2, n (%) | 3 (23.1) | 24 (28.9) | 27 (28.1) |
| ≥ 30 kg/m2, n (%) | 10 (76.9) | 59 (71.1) | 69 (71.9) |
| Diabetes, n (%) | 2 (15.4) | 22 (26.5) | 24 (25.0) |
| Tobacco use, n (%) | |||
| -Current | 2 (15.4) | 19 (22.9) | 21 (21.9) |
| -History | 8 (61.5) | 53 (63.9) | 61 (63.5) |
| Cancer history, n (%) | 1 (7.7) | 6 (7.2) | 7 (7.3) |
| Distribution of pain, n (%) | |||
| -Back pain with bilateral radiculopathy | 2 (15.4) | 9 (10.8) | 11 (11.5) |
| -Back pain with right radiculopathy | 6 (46.2) | 32 (38.6) | 38 (39.6) |
| -Back pain with left radiculopathy | 5 (38.4) | 40 (48.2) | 45 (46.8) |
| -Back pain | 0 (0.00) | 2 (2.4) | 2 (2.1) |
| Treatments prior to surgery, n (%) | |||
| -Activity modification | 0 (0.0) | 1 (1.2) | 1 (1.0) |
| -Brace | 0 (0.0) | 1 (1.2) | 1 (1.0) |
| -Chiropractor | 1 (7.7) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (1.0) |
| -None | 2 (15.4) | 11 (13.3) | 13 (13.5) |
| -Physical therapy | 8 (61.5) | 60 (72.3) | 68 (70.8) |
| -Prior lumbar surgery (all types) | 8 (61.5) | 28 (33.7) | 36 (37.5) |
| -Prior fusion surgery, same level(s) (ie, pseudarthrosis) | 1 (7.7) | 5 (6.0) | 6 (6.3) |
| -Prior fusion surgery, adjacent or other level | 1 (7.7) | 8 (9.6) | 9 (9.4) |
| -Other prior lumbar surgery | 6 (46.2) | 15 (18.1) | 21 (21.9) |
| -Spinal injections | 1 (7.7) | 6 (7.2) | 7 (7.3) |
| -Stretching | 2 (15.4) | 3 (3.6) | 5 (5.2) |
| -Weight loss | 0 (0.0) | 1 (1.2) | 1 (1.0) |
| No. levels treated, n (%) | |||
| -1 | 1 (7.6) | 13 (15.7) | 14 (14.6) |
| -2 | 5 (38.5) | 43 (51.8) | 48 (50.0) |
| -3 | 2 (15.4) | 24 (28.9) | 26 (27.0) |
| -4 | 3 (23.1) | 3 (3.6) | 6 (6.3) |
| -5 | 2 (15.4) | 0 (0.0) | 2 (2.1) |
| -All levels, n (mean) | 39 (3.0) | 183 (2.2) | 222 (2.3) |
Abbreviation: SD Standard deviation
Percentages were based on the total number of patients within each treatment or overall