Table 1.
Clinical characteristics of the study population according to MoCA (expressed as means and standard deviation; differences expressed as p value, effect size and relative 95% CI)
| Parameter | Population (n = 32) | MoCA < 23 (n = 13) | MoCA > 23 (n = 19) |
p | Effect size (95% CI) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 53.77(4.81) | 54.64(5.16) | 53.26(4.66) | 0.461a | 0.283 (− 0.466 to − 1.027)b |
| Length of stay (days) | 16.54(9.08) | 17(12.21) | 16.29(7.35) | 0.885a | 0.076 (− 0.733 to 0.884)b |
| SpO2 (%)c | 94.77(2.28) | 94.81(2.60) | 94.74(2.16) | 0.927a | 0.035 (− 0.708 to 0.777)b |
| HR (bpm)c | 66.43(13.82) | 68.91(14.53) | 65(13.59) | 0.465a | 0.281 (− 0.468 to 1.024)b |
| SpO2 (%)d | 95.33(3.56) | 95.45(3.50) | 95.26(3.68) | 0.890a | 0.053 (− 0.690 to 0.795)b |
| HR (bpm)d | 80.83(13.89) | 76(16.20) | 81.89(12.72) | 0.591a | − 0.206 (− 0.949 to 0.540)b |
| ΔSpO2 (%)e | 0.57(3.06) | 0.64(2.33) | 0.53(3.47) | 0.926a | 0.035 (− 0.708 to 0.778)b |
| ΔHR (bpm)f | 14.40(15.32) | 10.09(20.34) | 16.89(11.41) | 0.248a | 0.447 (− 1.195 to 0.308)b |
| HAM-D | 4.90(5.30) | 4.73(5.62) | 5(5.26) | 0.895a | − 0.051 (− 0.793 to 0.693)b |
| HAM-A | 5.93(5.66) | 5(5.40) | 6.47(5.87) | 0.501a | − 0.258 (− 1.001 to 0.490)b |
| MoCA score | 23.50(4.24) | 19.01(3.70) | 26.03(2.72) | 0.0001a | − 2.430 (− 3.393 to 1.441)b |
| Sub-itemsg | |||||
| - Orientation | 5/25 | 5/8 | 0/19 | 0.0001 h | 3.497 (0.468 to 6.525)i |
| - Denomination | 2/28 | 1/12 | 1/18 | 0.685 h | 0.588 (− 2.290 to 3.465)i |
| - Visuospatial Ability | 8/22 | 7/6 | 1/18 | 0.0002 h | 3.450 (1.091 to 5.809)i |
| - Executive Functions | 17/13 | 10/3 | 7/12 | 0.004 h | 2.842 (0.584 to 5.099)i |
| - Memory | 23/7 | 10/3 | 13/6 | 0.161 h | 1.529 (− 0.742 to 3.801)i |
| - Attention | 10/20 | 5/8 | 5/14 | 0.284 h | 0.847 (− 0.718 to 2.413)i |
| - Fluency | 14/16 | 9/4 | 5/14 | 0.003 h | 2.534 (0.692 to 4.375)i |
| - Calculation | 9/21 | 8/5 | 1/18 | 0.0001 h | 3.871 (1.460 to 6.283)i |
| Comorbidities (Yes/No) | |||||
| - Hypertension | 11/21 | 6/7 | 5/14 | 0.122 h | − 1.212 (− 2.778 to 0.354)i |
| - T2DM | 5/27 | 3/10 | 2/17 | 0.236 h | − 1.159 (− 3.136 to 0.817)i |
SpO2, blood oxygen saturation; HR, heart rate; MoCA, Montreal Cognitive Assessment; HAM-D, Hamilton Depression Rating Scale; HAM-A, Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale; T2DM, type 2 diabetes mellitus. aStudent t-test (significance for p < 0.05); bCohen’s d and relative 95% confidence interval; cbefore MoCA; dafter MoCA; eΔSpO2, SpO2 after MoCA-SpO2 before MoCA; fΔHR, HR after MoCA-HR before MoCA; gnumber of subjects with pathological score/number of subjects with normal score; hchi-squared test (significance for p < 0.05); iodds ratio and relative 95% confidence interval