FIGURE 1.

Influence of YmoA on the global gene expression in Y. pseudotuberculosis. (A) Proportion of gene classes up- or downregulated by YmoA. Genes showing overall fold-changes ≥ 2.0 are included in the displayed diagram of gene classes. (B) Schematic scheme of the global influence of YmoA on virulence-relevant genes. YmoA activates the synthesis of the early-phase virulence RovA, leading to expression of colonization factors such as invasin. In contrast, later-stage virulence factors, e.g., YadA, Yops, or T3SS, which are essential to combat triggered immune responses, are silenced by YmoA through repression of the transcriptional activator LcrF. Moreover, YmoA is implicated in many other virulence-relevant metabolic and stress adaptation processes. This control network allows switching of virulence gene expression by variations of YmoA levels. The dark arrow displays activation of the gene expression or protein synthesis; T represents repression or inactivation. Gray arrows indicate control of metabolic and stress adaptation processes by YmoA. (C) RNA of early stationary cultures of strains YPIII and YP50 (ΔymoA) in LB medium at 25°C was prepared and six independent samples were pooled. qRT-PCR was carried out in triplicates. Gene expression levels were normalized to levels of the sopB transcript and are given as relative values ΔymoA/wild-type. Mean ± SD of three independent experiments are displayed.