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. 2021 May 11;6(2):XC–CX. doi: 10.1177/23969873211014112

Table 3.

GRADE evidence profile table for PICO 3.


Certainty assessment

No. of patients

Effect
Certainty Importance
No. of studies Study design Risk of bias Inconsistency Indirectness Imprecision Other considerations Surgical decompression Medical management Relative (95% CI) Absolute (95% CI)
PICO 3: Death, Age > 60 years
 4 randomised trials seriousa not serious not serious not serious large effect 33/110 (30.0%) 89/123 (72.4%) RR 0.40(0.24 to 0.67) 434 fewer per 1,000(from 550 fewer to 239 fewer) ⨁⨁⨁⨁HIGH critical
PICO 3: Death or moderately severe disability (mRS 4-6), Age > 60
 4 randomised trials seriousa,b serious not serious serious none 72/110 (65.5%) 109/123 (88.6%) RR 0.72(0.41 to 1.28) 248 fewer per 1,000(from 523 fewer to 248 more) ⨁⨁◯◯LOW critical

CI: confidence interval; RR: risk ratio.

aTwo trials terminated prematurely.

bLack of blinding.