Table 4.

Associations between OUD and AUD disease severity and six-month treatment retention among OUD treatment episodes from 2011–2016.

	Opioid Abuse		Opioid Dependence
	n=56,545		n=154,502
	AOR (95% CI)		AOR (95% CI)
Co-occurring AUD
Alcohol dependence	0.8 (0.7, 0.9)***		0.8 (0.8, 0.9)****
Alcohol abuse	1.0 (0.9, 1.2)		1.0 (0.9, 1.0)
No AUD	Ref		Ref
Treatment type
Buprenorphine	4.9 (4.6, 5.2)****		4.5 (4.4, 4.6)****
Methadone	4.6 (4.0, 5.2)****		7.6 (7.3, 7.9)****
XR Naltrexone	2.0 (1.5, 2.5)****		2.7 (2.4, 2.9)****
Oral naltrexone	1.1 (1.0, 1.3)		1.1 (1.0, 1.2)
Psychosocial	Ref		Ref
Treatment type*AUD status
Buprenorphine*Alcohol dependence	1.0 (0.8, 1.2)		1.2 (1.1, 1.3)**
Buprenorphine*Alcohol abuse	0.8 (0.7, 1.0)*		1.0 (0.9, 1.1)
Buprenorphine*No AUD	Ref		Ref
Methadone*Alcohol dependence	5.5 (2.9, 10.4)***		1.3 (1.0, 1.6)
Methadone*Alcohol abuse	0.7 (0.3, 1.5)		1.0 (0.8, 1.2)
Methadone*No AUD	Ref		Ref
XR Naltrexone*Alcohol dependence	1.0 (0.7, 1.6)		0.9 (0.7, 1.1)
XR Naltrexone*Alcohol abuse	0.9 (0.4, 2.2)		1.2 (0.8, 1.7)
XR Naltrexone*No AUD	Ref		Ref
Oral naltrexone* Alcohol dependence	1.4 (1.1, 1.7)**		1.2 (1.0, 1.5)
Oral naltrexone*Alcohol abuse	1.0 (0.8, 1.4)		1.3 (0.9, 1.9)
Oral naltrexone*No AUD	Ref		Ref
Psychosocial only*Alcohol dependence	Ref		Ref
Psychosocial only*Alcohol abuse	Ref		Ref
Psychosocial*No AUD	Ref		Ref

AUD= alcohol use disorder; OUD= opioid use disorder; AOR=adjusted odds ratio; CI= confidence interval; XR= extended-release.

Models adjusted for co-occurring substance use disorders, previous OUD diagnosis, psychiatric comorbidity, medical comorbidity as measured by Charlson comorbidity index, sex, age, and insurance-year cohort.

^*p<.05;

^**p<.01,

^***p<.001,

^****p<.0001.