TABLE 2.
Comparison of other prescribed antibiotics and nephrotoxins between patients receiving concomitant vancomycin and melatonin and those receiving vancomycin alone
| Antibiotic(s) | No., %, of patients in: |
P value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Control group (n = 202) | Melatonin group (n = 101) | ||
| Cephalosporins | 104, 51.5 | 57, 56.4 | 0.416 |
| Cefazolin | 24, 11.9 | 23, 22.7 | 0.014 |
| Cefepime | 40, 19.8 | 18, 17.8 | 0.680 |
| Cefoxitin | 0, 0 | 2, 2.0 | 0.110 |
| Cefpodoxime | 3, 1.5 | 2, 2.0 | 1.000 |
| Ceftriaxone | 60, 29.7 | 31, 30.7 | 0.859 |
| Cephalexin | 4, 2.0 | 3, 3.0 | 0.690 |
| Penicillins | 109, 54.0 | 55, 54.5 | 0.935 |
| Ampicillin-sulbactam | 12, 5.9 | 7, 6.9 | 0.738 |
| Amoxicillin-clavulanic acid | 3, 1.5 | 4, 4.0 | 0.227 |
| Oxacillin | 2, 1.0 | 3, 3.0 | 0.338 |
| Piperacillin-tazobactam | 100, 49.5 | 47, 46.5 | 0.626 |
| Aminoglycosides | 5, 2.5 | 1, 1.0 | 0.667 |
| Amikacin | 0, 0.0 | 1, 1.0 | 0.333 |
| Gentamicin | 5, 2.5 | 0, 0 | 0.173 |
| Fluoroquinolones | 20, 9.9 | 9, 8.9 | 0.782 |
| Ciprofloxacin | 7, 3.5 | 1, 1.0 | 0.277 |
| Levofloxacin | 13, 6.4 | 9, 8.9 | 0.434 |
| Tetracyclines | 10, 5.0 | 7, 6.9 | 0.480 |
| Doxycycline | 10, 5.0 | 7, 6.9 | 0.480 |
| Carbapenems | 27, 13.4 | 18, 18.2 | 0.304 |
| Aztreonam | 3, 1.5 | 1, 1.0 | 0.627 |
| Ertapenem | 11, 5.4 | 3, 3.0 | 0.399 |
| Imipenem | 1, 0.1 | 0, 0 | 1.000 |
| Meropenem | 11, 5.4 | 14, 13.9 | 0.015 |
| Macrolides | 32, 16.2 | 12, 12.1 | 0.356 |
| Azithromycin | 24, 12.0 | 10, 10.1 | 0.607 |
| Lincosamides | 8, 4.0 | 2, 2.0 | 0.505 |
| Clindamycin | 8, 4.0 | 2, 2.0 | 0.505 |
| Other | 49, 24.3 | 25, 25.3 | 0.925 |
| Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole | 7, 3.5 | 5, 5.1 | 0.532 |
| Daptomycin | 10, 5.0 | 4, 4.0 | 0.781 |
| Linezolid | 5, 2.5 | 1, 1.0 | 0.667 |
| Metronidazole | 33, 16.3 | 15, 15.2 | 0.739 |
| Nitrofurantoin | 1, 0.1 | 2, 2.0 | 0.259 |
| Other nephrotoxinsa | 148, 73.3 | 79, 78.2 | 0.349 |
| NSAIDs | 99, 49.0 | 47, 46.5 | 0.684 |
| ACEI/ARB | 51, 25.2 | 29, 28.7 | 0.519 |
| Loop diuretics | 69, 34.1 | 46, 45.5 | 0.054 |
| Contrast media | 87, 43.1 | 36, 35.6 | 0.264 |
a
NSAIDs, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs; ACEI, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors; ARB, angiotensin receptor blockers.