FIG. 3.

(A) FDA-approved commercial cylindrical DBS electrodes are mainly simple rectangular shapes with quadripolar arrangements. Featured here: Medtronic 3387/3389, the Abbott Infinity lead and the Boston Scientific lead. For the Abbott Infinity and Boston Scientific lead, the dimensions of the three contacts around the circumference of the middle two rows can be found above. (B) Different geometries and arrangements are featured in the direct STNAcute and Medtronic-Sapiens lead that have been implanted in human patients for testing but not approved by the FDA. (C) Cross-sections of the DBS electrodes: (C.i) Medtronic 3387/3389 and other cylindrical contacts on directional leads. (C.ii) Three segments on the Abbott directional lead, Boston Scientific directional lead, and the direct STNAcute. (C.iii) Four segments on the Medtronic-Sapiens. Dark regions on the implants correspond to the active electrode placements, while the gray regions indicate the supporting structures. DBS, deep brain stimulation. Figure reproduced under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.¹⁰³