Table 3.

Bivariate analyses for investigations reported by hospital and community healthcare sources

Characteristics	Hospital report		Community healthcare report		χ2 p value
	#	%	#	%
Household income source					<0.001
Full time	3995	45	1628	49
Part time/seasonal	1206	14	462	14
Other benefits/unemployment	2886	33	826	25
Unknown	281	3	153	5
No source of income	516	6	228	7
Number of moves					<0.001
0	4525	51	1974	60
1	1764	20	445	14
2+	757	9	71	2
Unknown	1838	21	808	25
Home overcrowding
Yes	1036	12	211	7	<0.001
Unsafe housing conditions
Yes	419	5	55	2	<0.001
Ran out of money in the past 6 months for basic necessities
Yes	819	9	323	10	0.365
Primary caregiver risk factors
Alcohol abuse	1008	11	224	7	<0.001
Drug/solvent abuse	1697	19	331	10	<0.001
Cognitive impairment	520	6	203	6	0.543
Mental health issues	3665	41	1252	38	0.001
Physical health issues	603	7	356	11	<0.001
Few social supports	2834	32	1094	33	0.203
Victim of IPV	2572	29	719	22	<0.001
Perpetrator of IPV	484	6	200	6	0.196
History of foster care/group home	754	9	168	5	<0.001
At least one functioning issue	6052	68	2302	70	0.096
Child age					<0.001
<1 year	2032	23	389	12
1–3 years	1651	19	473	14
4–7 years	1515	17	572	17
8–11 years	1337	15	941	28
12–17 years	2349	26	936	27
At least one child functioning concern
Yes	3579	40	1171	35	<0.001
Primary concern of investigation					<0.001
Physical abuse	631	7	774	23
Sexual abuse	185	2	84	3
Neglect	1389	16	530	16
Emotional maltreatment	303	3	147	4
Exposure to IPV	1101	12	598	18
Risk	5275	59	1179	36
Substantiation					<0.001
Unfounded	1419	39	1020	48
Suspected	300	8	67	3
Substantiated	1890	52	1045	49
Physical harm
Yes	522	15	190	9	<0.001
Significant risk of future maltreatment
Yes	2664	30	756	23	<0.001
Service referral made
Yes	4201	47	1127	34	<0.001
Transfer to ongoing services
Yes	3216	36	847	26	<0.001
Placement during investigation
Yes	914	10	61	2	<0.001
Case closed with no additional services
Yes	3661	41	2000	60	<0.001

IPV, intimate partner violence.