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. 2020 Dec 6;22(9):1035–1044. doi: 10.1093/ehjci/jeaa324

Figure 1.

Figure 1

Echocardiogram of two patients with MFS and two patients with LDS with MAD with and without MVP. End-systolic and mid-diastolic frames of mitral valve in parasternal long-axis view. Orange arrows indicate longitudinal MAD distance; yellow dotted lines demarcate the mitral annulus; and yellow solid lines are prolapse depth where present. Patient A is a 10-year-old patient with MFS, MAD, bileaflet MVP, and mild mitral regurgitation (see Supplementary data online, Video S1). Patient B is a 16-year-old patient with MFS, MAD, systolic curling motion of the LV basal posterolateral wall, no MVP, discrete billowing of mitral leaflets, and mild mitral regurgitation (see Supplementary data online, Video S2). Patient C is a 16-year-old patient with SMAD3 mutation positive LDS, MAD, bileaflet MVP, and mild mitral regurgitation (see Supplementary data online, Video S3). Patient D is a 33-year-old patient with TGFBR2 mutation positive LDS, MAD, typical systolic hyperkinetic curling motion of the LV basal posterolateral wall, no MVP, and mild mitral regurgitation (see Supplementary data online, Video S4). LDS, Loeys–Dietz syndrome; LV, left ventricle; MAD, mitral annulus disjunction; MFS, Marfan syndrome; MVP, mitral valve prolapse.