Table 2. Hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence interval for ED revisit or inpatient admission, incident stroke, and cardiovascular mortality according to the exposure of pharmacological BP control in the ED setting.
| Pharmacologically blood pressure reduction | N | Case | Person-year | Incidencea | Crude HR (95% CI) | Model 1b | Model 2c | Model 3d |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Adjusted HR (95% CI) | Adjusted HR (95% CI) | Adjusted HR (95% CI) | ||||||
| ED revisit or inpatient service | ||||||||
| 7-day | ||||||||
| No | 16542 | 1439 | 302.12 | 4763.0 | 1.00 (Ref) | 1.00 (Ref) | 1.00 (Ref) | 1.00 (Ref) |
| Yes | 6364 | 588 | 115.95 | 5071.2 | 1.06 (0.97–1.17) | 0.93 (0.84–1.03) | 0.89 (0.8–1) | 0.94 (0.84–1.06) |
| 30-day | ||||||||
| No | 16542 | 2595 | 1212.59 | 2140.0 | 1.00 (Ref) | 1.00 (Ref) | 1.00 (Ref) | 1.00 (Ref) |
| Yes | 6364 | 1024 | 463.86 | 2207.6 | 1.03 (0.96–1.11) | 0.86 (0.8–0.94) | 0.85 (0.78–0.92) | 0.89 (0.82–0.97) |
| 60-day | ||||||||
| No | 16542 | 3267 | 2329.31 | 1402.6 | 1.00 (Ref) | 1.00 (Ref) | 1.00 (Ref) | 1.00 (Ref) |
| Yes | 6364 | 1300 | 890.67 | 1459.6 | 1.04 (0.97–1.11) | 0.86 (0.8–0.93) | 0.85 (0.79–0.91) | 0.89 (0.82–0.96) |
| Cardiovascular mortality | ||||||||
| 1-year | ||||||||
| No | 16542 | 121 | 16479.43 | 7.3 | 1.00 (Ref) | 1.00 (Ref) | 1.00 (Ref) | 1.00 (Ref) |
| Yes | 6364 | 64 | 6328.24 | 10.1 | 1.38 (1.02–1.86) | 1.11 (0.81–1.54) | 0.95 (0.67–1.35) | 0.97 (0.67–1.41) |
| 3-year | ||||||||
| No | 16542 | 319 | 49131.72 | 6.5 | 1.00 (Ref) | 1.00 (Ref) | 1.00 (Ref) | 1.00 (Ref) |
| Yes | 6364 | 163 | 18818.06 | 8.7 | 1.33 (1.1–1.61) | 1.07 (0.87–1.31) | 0.93 (0.75–1.16) | 0.95 (0.75–1.19) |
| 5-year | ||||||||
| No | 16542 | 465 | 81416.24 | 5.7 | 1.00 (Ref) | 1.00 (Ref) | 1.00 (Ref) | 1.00 (Ref) |
| Yes | 6364 | 238 | 31140.37 | 7.6 | 1.34 (1.14–1.56) | 1.03 (0.87–1.22) | 0.89 (0.74–1.07) | 0.89 (0.74–1.08) |
| Incident stroke | ||||||||
| 1-year | ||||||||
| No | 15272 | 123 | 15193.58 | 8.1 | 1.00 (Ref) | 1.00 (Ref) | 1.00 (Ref) | 1.00 (Ref) |
| Yes | 5756 | 84 | 5708.91 | 14.7 | 1.82 (1.38–2.4) | 1.28 (0.95–1.73) | 0.91 (0.65–1.26) | 0.84 (0.59–1.19) |
| 3-year | ||||||||
| No | 15272 | 280 | 45332.79 | 6.2 | 1.00 (Ref) | 1.00 (Ref) | 1.00 (Ref) | 1.00 (Ref) |
| Yes | 5756 | 166 | 16965.67 | 9.8 | 1.58 (1.31–1.92) | 1.1 (0.89–1.37) | 0.86 (0.68–1.09) | 0.84 (0.66–1.08) |
| 5-year | ||||||||
| No | 15272 | 389 | 75199.98 | 5.2 | 1.00 (Ref) | 1.00 (Ref) | 1.00 (Ref) | 1.00 (Ref) |
| Yes | 5756 | 212 | 28090.76 | 7.5 | 1.46 (1.23–1.72) | 1.05 (0.87–1.27) | 0.81 (0.66–1) | 0.81 (0.65–1.01) |
a Incidence = No. of cases/person-years*1000.
b Model 1: Adjusted for age at ED admission, gender, diabetes, hypertension, cardiovascular disease, chronic kidney disease.
c Model 2: Further adjusted for random slope of systolic blood pressure, maximum systolic blood pressure, baseline estimated glomerular filtration rate.
d Model 3: Further adjusted for anti-platelet agents, polypharmacy.
BP, blood pressure; ED, emergency department.