| Assah et al. [25] |
A peer support intervention implemented through group meetings, personal encounters between peer supporters and group members and telephone calls |
Locations related to each group’s common affinity |
Peer Educators |
|
6 months |
| Bett [26] |
A structured education once every week for three weeks and three months follow-ups |
Hospital |
Nurses, Dieticians and Doctors |
The Health Belief Model (HBM) |
4.5 months |
| Debussche et al. [27] |
A 1-year culturally tailored structured patient education (3 courses of 4 sessions) |
Community Health Center |
Trained Peer Educators |
The ‘Learning Nests’ approach, derived from Socio-Constructivist Theory |
12 months |
| Themes addressed were cardiovascular risk management, food intake, exercise, and blood glucose and insulin management |
| Gill et al. [28] |
A treatment algorithm and education system developed into primary health clinics |
Primary Care Clinic |
Nurses |
Bandura’s Social Cognitive Theory of Behavior |
18 months |
| Hailu et al. [29] |
Six educational sessions supported with illustrative pictures, handbooks and fliers customized to local conditions |
University Medical Centre |
Nurses |
|
9 months |
| Hailu et al. [30] |
Six interactive diabetes SME sessions supported by an illustrative handbook and fliers, experience-sharing, and take-home activities |
University Medical Centre |
Nurses |
|
9 months |
| Mash et al. [31] |
Four 60-minute sessions of group education focusing on understanding diabetes, living a healthy lifestyle, understanding the medication, and avoiding complications |
Community Health Center |
Health Promoters |
Motivational Interviewing |
4 months |
| Muchiri et al. [32] |
Eight weekly (2–2·5 hours) group nutrition education and follow-up sessions |
Community Health Center |
Dietitians |
The Social Cognitive Theory, the Health Belief Model and the Knowledge Attitude Behavior Model |
12 months |
| Afemikhe & Chipps [33] |
A five-week multidisciplinary education program utilizing group discussions, individual counselling, multimedia teaching, motivational interviewing, telephone calls by nurses and goal-setting charts for feedback |
Hospital (one tertiary & one secondary) |
Nurses, Dietitians and Medical Social Workers |
Self-Determination Theory, Social Cognitive Theory and the Motivational Interviewing Framework |
5 weeks |
| Essien et al. [34] |
Twelve structured teaching sessions lasting around two hours each, attended fortnightly over a six-month period. |
Tertiary Hospital |
Doctors and Nurses |
|
6 months |
| Park et al. [35] |
A 6-month peer-led bimonthly group educational program on self-empowerment and problem-solving surrounding behavioral modification and self-management skills |
Peri-Urban and Rural Diabetes Mellitus Clinics |
Peer Educators |
|
6 months |
| Asante et al. [36] |
A 12-week mobile phone call intervention (2 calls per week for the first 4 weeks, followed by a weekly call for the following 8 weeks, totaling 16 calls) |
Tertiary Hospital |
Nurses |
|
12 weeks |
| Price et al. [37] |
A structured empowerment-based diabetes education delivered in groups and regularly reinforced |
Primary Health Clinics |
Nurses |
|
48 months |
| Amendezo et al. [38] |
Group education sessions focusing on: setting balanced diabetic diet, regular physical activity, cessation of smoking and alcohol abuse, adherence to medications, diabetic complications screening and treatment, self-management of hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia, and stress management |
Tertiary Hospital |
Physicians, Nurses, Nutritionists |
|
12 months |
| Muchiri et al. [39] |
Eight-weekly group education (2 to 2.5 hours each) with follow-up sessions (4 monthly meetings and 2 bi-monthly meetings each lasting 1.5 hours), and vegetable gardening (demonstration of sowing/transplantation of vegetables) |
Community Health Center |
Dietitians |
Knowledge Attitude Behaviour (KAB) model and the Health Belief Model (HBM) |
12 months |
| MakkiAwouda et al. [40] |
A one–to—one educational intervention focusing on patho-physiological view, modalities of treatment, and identifications, prevention and treatment of acute complications |
Health Center |
Diabetes Health Educators |
|
3 months |
| Baumann et al. [41] |
A 4-month peer support intervention in which participants were trained in diabetes self-care |
Diabetes Clinic |
Physicians and Nurses |
|
4 months |
| van der Does & Mash [42] |
Four sessions of an hour each of group education; topics addressed: knowledge about diabetes, complications and treatment, healthy lifestyle and how to apply diabetes knowledge in day-to-day life |
Primary Care Clinic |
Dietitian, Health Promoter and Physician |
|
4 weeks |
| Gathu et al. [43] |
An individualized structured DSME intervention using an empowerment and interactive teaching model, with a focus on behavioral assessment, goal-setting and problem-solving |
Primary Care Clinic |
Certified Diabetes Educators |
|
6 months |
