Table 2.

List of signaling molecules, secretory cells and bacterial genera aiding in secretion of specific signaling molecule

Gut hormones	Secretory cells	Aiding microbes	References
Serotonin	Enterochromaffin cells	Clostridium spp., Escherichia, Enterococcus, Truchuris, Candida, Streptococcus	Covasa et al. 2019; Yano et al. 2015
Glucagon like peptide 1	Colonic L-cells	Bifidobacteria, Lactobacillus, Akkermansia muciniphila	Everard and Cani 2014; Greiner and Bäckhed 2016
Peptide YY	Colonic L- cells	Bifidobacteria, Lactobacillus, Akkermansia muciniphila, Escherichia, Enterococcus and Truchuris	Covasa et al. 2019; Everard and Cani 2014; Greiner and Bäckhed 2016; Xu et al. 2015
DPP 4	Enterocytes, epithelial cells and immune cells	Prevotella and Lactobacillus	Klemann et al. 2016; Olivares et al. 2018; Zhong et al. 2015
Glucose dependent insulinotrophic peptide	K- cells	NK	Fukui et al. 2018
Cholecystokinin	I- cells	NK	Dockray 2014; Fukui et al. 2018
Leptin	adipocyte	NK	Queipo-Ortuño et al. 2013
Pancreatic polypeptide	F or PP cells	NK	Bliss and Whiteside 2018
Ghrelin	cardiomyocytes	NK	Iglesias et al. 2004
Oxyntomodulin	Pancreatic cells	NK	Bliss and Whiteside 2018
Neurotensin	Gastrointestinal endocrine N cells	NK	Bliss and Whiteside 2018
Motilin	Endocrine M- cells	NK	Chapman et al. 2016
Insulin	B- cells	Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium, Blautia coccoides, Eubacterium rectale, Prevotella	Zhang et al. 2015
Glucagon	A cells	NK	Kelly et al. 2010
Somatostatin	D cells	NK	Giloteaux et al. 2012
Dopamine or noradrenaline	Nerve cells	Escherichia, Bacillus and Saccharomyces	Covasa et al. 2019
Acetylcholine	Nerve cells	Lactobacillus	Covasa et al. 2019
GABA	Β- cells	Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium	Covasa et al. 2019
Indole	NK	Escherichia, Bacteroides, Clostridium	Covasa et al. 2019
Bile acids	Hepatocytes	Acetatifactor and Bacterroides	Covasa et al. 2019

NK not known