FIG 5.

Cytokine responses of THP-1-derived macrophages following fecal supernatant stimulation. Fecal supernatants were extracted from a subset of individuals with high MBC responses (high) (n = 12) or low MBC responses (low) (n = 12) independent of vibriocidal titer or plasma antibody measures. (A) Measure of LPS in fecal supernatants by limulus amebocyte lysate assay expressed as endotoxin units. (B to E) Cytokine measurements in THP-1 supernatants after 24 h of incubation with fecal supernatants by ELISA for IL-1β (B), IL-6 (C), TNF-α (D), and IL-10 (E). Each dot denotes one participant’s fecal supernatant; data are shown as mean ± SEM and are representative of two independent experiments performed in duplicate. Mann-Whitney testing was used for statistical testing; *, P < 0.05; **, P < 0.01.