Table 1.
Study characteristics
| Study | Country | Questionnaire | N | Validation tool | OSA definition | Apnoea definition | Hypopnoea definition | % desaturation | Scoring criteria |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sleep clinic population | |||||||||
| Abdullah 2018 [29] | Malaysia | STOP-Bang | 134 | Level 1—Lab PSG | AHI ≥ 5 | Complete cessation of airflow for ≥ 10 s | A reduction of airflow of ≥ 50% for ≥ 10 s associated with 3% desaturation | 3% | AASM 2012 |
| Alhouqani 2015 [30] | UAE | STOP-Bang | 193 | Level 1—Lab PSG | AHI ≥ 5 | A cessation of airflow for > 10 s | ≥ 30% decrease in airflow with 3% oxygen desaturation and/or arousal | 3% | AASM 2012 |
| Amra 2013 [31] | Iran | Berlin | 157 | Level 1—Lab PSG | AHI > 5 | Complete cessation of airflow for ≥ 10 s | A reduction of airflow of ≥ 50% for ≥ 10 s associated with ≥ 3% desaturation | ≥ 3% | AASM 1999 |
| Amra 2018 [32] | China | Berlin, STOP-Bang | 400 | Level 1—Lab PSG | AHI ≥ 5 | ≥ 90% drop in airflow from baseline for ≥ 10 s | ≥ 30% decrease in airflow with 3% oxygen desaturation and/or arousal | 3% | AASM 2012 |
| Oktay Arslan 2020 [33] | Turkey | Berlin | 1003 | Level 1—Lab PSG | AHI ≥ 5 | ≥ 90% drop in airflow from baseline for ≥ 10 s | ≥ 30% decrease in airflow with 3% oxygen desaturation and/or arousal | 3% | AASM 2012 |
| Avincsal 2017 [34] | Turkey | STOP-Bang | 162 | Level 1—Lab PSG | AHI > 5 | ≥ 90% drop in airflow from baseline, which lasted ≥ 10 s | ≥ 30% reduction in airflow that lasted ≥ 10 s and was associated with ≥ 4% desaturation | ≥ 4% | AASM 2007 |
| BaHammam 2015 [35] | Saudi Arabia | STOP-Bang | 100 | Level 1—Lab PSG | AHI ≥ 5 | ≥ 90% drop in airflow from baseline, which lasted ≥ 10 s | ≥ 30% decrease in airflow with 3% oxygen desaturation and/or arousal | ≥ 3% | AASM 2012 |
| Boynton 2013 [36] | USA | STOP-Bang | 219 | Level 1—Lab PSG | AHI > 5 | Complete absence of airflow for ≥ 10 s | ≥ 50% decrease in airflow followed by an arousal, awakening, or ≥ 3% desaturation | ≥ 3% | AASM 2007 |
| Deflandre 2018 [37] | Belgium | STOP-Bang, OSA50 | 159 | Level 1—Lab PSG | AHI > 30 | ≥ 90% drop in airflow from baseline, which lasted ≥ 10 s | ≥ 30% reduction in airflow that lasted ≥ 10 s and associated with ≥ 4% desaturation | ≥ 4% | AASM 2012 |
| Delgado-Vargas 2020 [38] | Spain | STOP-Bang | 193 | Level 1—Lab PSG | AHI ≥ 5 | ≥ 90% drop in airflow from baseline, which lasted ≥ 10 s | ≥ 30% reduction in airflow that lasted ≥ 10 s and associated with ≥ 4% desaturation | ≥ 4% | AASM 2012 |
| Duarte 2017 [39] | Brazil | STOP-Bang | 456 | Level 1—Lab PSG | AHI ≥ 5 | ≥ 90% drop in airflow from baseline, which lasted ≥ 10 s | ≥ 30% decrease in airflow with 3% oxygen desaturation and/or arousal | ≥ 3% | AASM 2012 |
| Duarte 2020 [40] | Brazil | STOP-Bang | 3606 | Level 1—Lab PSG | AHI ≥ 5 | ≥ 90% drop in airflow from baseline, which lasted ≥ 10 s | ≥ 30% decrease in airflow with 3% oxygen desaturation and/or arousal | ≥ 3% | AASM 2012 |
| El Sayed 2012 [41] | Egypt | Berlin, STOP, STOP-Bang | 234 | Level 1—Lab PSG | AHI ≥ 5 | ≥ 90% drop in airflow from baseline, which lasted ≥ 10 s | ≥ 30% reduction in airflow that lasted ≥ 10 s and associated with ≥ 4% desaturation | ≥ 4% | AASM 2007 |
| Ha 2014 [42] | China | Berlin, STOP, STOP-Bang, ASA checklist | 141 | Level 1—Lab PSG | RDI > 5 | ≥ 90% drop in airflow from baseline, which lasted ≥ 10 s | ≥ 30% reduction in airflow that lasted ≥ 10 s and associated with ≥ 4% desaturation | ≥ 4% | AASM 2007 |
| Hu 2019 [43] | China | STOP-Bang | 196 | Level 1—Lab PSG | AHI ≥ 5 | ≥ 90% drop in airflow from baseline, which lasted ≥ 10 s | ≥ 30% decrease in airflow with 3% oxygen desaturation and/or arousal | 3% | AASM 2012 |
| Kashaninasab 2017 [44] | Iran | Berlin, STOP, STOP-Bang | 250 | Level 1—Lab PSG | AHI ≥ 5 | A decrease in airflow that lasted ≥ 10 s | A reduction in airflow by ≥ 50% or a 3% desaturation | ≥ 3% | AASM 2005 |
| Khaledi-Paveh 2016 [45] | Iran | Berlin | 100 | Level 1—Lab PSG | AHI ≥ 5 | ≥ 90% drop in airflow from baseline, which lasted ≥ 10 s | ≥ 30% reduction in airflow that lasted ≥ 10 s and associated with ≥ 4% desaturation | ≥ 4% | AASM 2007 |
| Kim 2015 [46] | Korea | Berlin, STOP-Bang, SA-SDQ | 592 | Level 1—Lab PSG | AHI > 5 | ≥ 90% drop in airflow from baseline, which lasted ≥ 10 s | ≥ 30% reduction in airflow that lasted ≥ 10 s and was associated with ≥ 4% desaturation | ≥ 4% | AASM 2007 |
| Ong 2010 [47] | Singapore | STOP-Bang | 314 | Level 1—Lab PSG | AHI > 5 | Cessation of airflow for > 10 s | ≥ 30% decrease in airflow with 4% oxygen desaturation or with 3% oxygen desaturation and arousal | Unclear | Rechtschaffen & Kales 1968 |
| Pataka 2016 [48] | Greece | STOP, STOP-Bang, Berlin | 204 | Level 1—Lab PSG | AHI ≥ 5 | ≥ 90% drop in airflow from baseline, which lasted ≥ 10 s | ≥ 30% reduction in airflow that lasted ≥ 10 s and was associated with ≥ 4% desaturation | ≥ 4% | AASM 2007 |
| Pecotic 2012 [49] | Croatia | STOP | 425 | Level 1—Lab PSG | AHI > 5 | Complete cessation of airflow for ≥ 10 s | A decrease in airflow > 50% from baseline for ≥ 10 and ≥ 3% desaturation | ≥ 3% | Not referenced |
| Pereira 2013 [50] | Canada | Berlin, STOP-Bang | 128 | Level 1—Lab PSG | AHI ≥ 5 | A cessation of airflow ≥ 50% for ≥ 10 s | A decrease in airflow of > 50% for ≥ 10 s followed by ≥ 3% oxygen desaturation | ≥ 3% | AASM 2007 |
| Perumalsamy 2017 [51] | Chennai | STOP-Bang, Berlin | 62 | Level 1—Lab PSG | AHI ≥ 5 | Not described | Not described | Not described | AASM Manual—not referenced |
| Sadeghniiat-Haghighi 2015 [52] | Iran | STOP, STOP-Bang | 603 | Level 1—Lab PSG | AHI > 5 | Total cessation of airflow for ≥ 10 s | Reduction of airflow for > 50% for ≥ 10 s with 3% desaturation or with arousal | 3% | AASM 2007 |
| Saleh 2011 [53] | Egypt | Berlin | 100 | Level 1—Lab PSG | AHI > 5 | ≥ 90% drop in airflow from baseline, which lasted ≥ 10 s | ≥ 30% reduction in airflow that lasted ≥ 10 s and was associated with ≥ 4% desaturation | ≥ 4% | AASM 2007 |
| Sangkum 2017 [54] | USA | STOP, STOP-Bang | 208 | Level 1—Lab PSG | AHI > 5 | ≥ 90% drop in airflow from baseline, which lasted ≥ 10 s | ≥ 30% decrease in airflow with 3% oxygen desaturation and/or arousal | ≥ 3% | AASM 2012 |
| Suksakorn 2014 [55] | Thailand | Berlin | 132 | Level 1—Lab PSG | AHI > 5 | Not reported or referenced | Not reported or referenced | Not reported or referenced | Not reported or referenced |
| Vana 2013 [56] | USA | STOP-Bang | 47 | Level 1—Lab PSG | AHI > 5 |
Complete cessation of airflow > 10 s In paper |
≥ 30% reduction in airflow that lasted ≥ 10 s and associated with 4% desaturation or arousal | 4% | AASM 2007 |
| Yüceege 2015 [57] | Turkey | Berlin | 433 | Level 1—Lab PSG | AHI > 5 | ≥ 90% drop in airflow from baseline, which lasted ≥ 10 s | A ≥ 50% drop in flow for ≥ 10 associated with ≥ 3% oxygen desaturation | ≥ 3% | AASM 2007 |
| Surgical population | |||||||||
| Chung 2008a [58] | Canada | Berlin, STOP, ASA checklist | 177 | Level 1—Lab PSG | AHI > 5 | Complete cessation of breathing | A decrease of > 50% of airflow for ≥ 10 s and > 3% desaturation or an arousal | > 3% | AASM1999 |
| Chung 2008b [59] | Canada | STOP, STOP-Bang | 177 | Level 1—Lab PSG | AHI ≥ 5 | Complete cessation of breathing | A decrease of > 50% of airflow for ≥ 10 s and > 3% desaturation or an arousal | ≥ 3% | AASM 1999 |
| Chung 2013 [60] | Canada | STOP-Bang | 384 | Level 2—portable PSG | AHI > 5 | ≥ 90% drop in airflow from baseline, which lasted ≥ 10 s | ≥ 30% reduction in airflow that lasts ≥ 10 s and ≥ 4% desaturation | ≥ 4% | AASM 2007 |
| Chung 2014 [61] | Canada | STOP-Bang | 516 | Level 2—portable PSG | AHI > 5 | ≥ 90% drop in airflow from baseline, which lasted ≥ 10 s | ≥ 50% reduction in airflow that lasted ≥ 10 s followed by ≥ 3% oxygen desaturation | ≥ 3% | AASM 2007 |
| Deflandre 2017 [62] | Belgium | STOP-Bang, OSA50 | 150 | Level 1—Lab PSG | AHI > 5 | ≥ 90% drop in airflow from baseline, which lasted ≥ 10 s | ≥ 30% decrease in airflow for ≥ 10 s with ≥ 3% oxygen desaturation and/or arousal | ≥ 3% | AASM 2012 |
| Nunes 2015 [63] | Brazil | STOP-Bang, Berlin | 81 | Level 1—Lab PSG | AHI ≥ 15 | Apnoea was defined as complete cessation of airflow for ≥ 10 s | ≥ 50% reduction in airflow for 10 s associated with desaturation of > 3% or an arousal | > 3% | AASM 2007 |
| Xia 2018 [64] | China | STOP-Bang | 790 | Level 1—Lab PSG | AHI ≥ 5 | ≥ 90% drop in airflow from baseline, which lasted ≥ 10 s | ≥ 30% reduction in air flow and ≥ 4% desaturation | ≥ 4% | AASM 2012 |
| Resistant hypertension | |||||||||
| Giampá 2018 [65] | Brazil | Berlin | 119 | Level 1—Lab PSG | AHI > 5 | ≥ 90% drop in airflow from baseline, which lasted ≥ 10 s | At least 30% decrease in airflow with 3% desaturation and/or arousal | 3% | AASM 2007 |
| Margello 2014 [66] | Brazil | Berlin | 422 | Level 1—Lab PSG | AHI ≥ 5 | ≥ 90% drop in airflow from baseline, which lasted ≥ 10 s | At least 30% decrease of airflow for ≥ 10 s accompanied by desaturation ≥ 4% | ≥ 4% | AASM 2007 |
| Asthma population | |||||||||
| Lu 2017 [67] | China | Berlin, STOP-Bang | 123 | Level 1—Lab PSG | AHI ≥ 5 | Apnoea was defined as the absence of oronasal airflow for ≥ 10 s | ≥ 50% reduction in airflow accompanied by oxygen desaturation ≥ 4% | ≥ 4% | AASM 2007 |
| Community clinic | |||||||||
| Gantner 2010 [68] | China | Berlin | 143 | Level 1—Lab PSG | AHI ≥ 15 | Not considered necessary to distinguish apnoeas from hypopnoeas | > 50% reduction in airflow for ≥ 10 s associated with > 3% desaturation or arousal | > 3% | AASM 1999 |
| Highway bus drivers | |||||||||
| Firat 2012 [69] | Turkey | Berlin, STOP, STOP-Bang, OSA50 | 85 | Level 1—Lab PSG (daytime) | AHI > 15 | ≥ 90% decrease in airflow persisting for ≥ 10 s | ≥ 50% decrease in the airflow with 3% desaturation or arousal, persisting for at least 10 s | ≥ 3% | AASM 2007 |
| Neurology population | |||||||||
| ElKholy 2017 [70] | Egypt | Berlin | 30 | Level 1—Lab PSG | AHI ≥ 5 | Not reported | Not reported | Not reported | Rechstchaffen and Kales (1968) |
| Primary care | |||||||||
| Bouloukaki 2013 [71] | Crete | Berlin | 129 | Level 1—Lab PSG | AHI ≥ 5 | ≥ 90% drop in airflow from baseline, which lasted ≥ 10 s | ≥ 30% reduction in airflow that lasted ≥ 10 s and was associated with ≥ 4% desaturation | ≥ 4% | AASM 2007 |
| Respiratory population | |||||||||
| Yunus 2013 [72] | Malaysia | Berlin | 144 | Level 1—Lab PSG | AHI ≥ 5 | Not reported | Not reported | Not reported | Not reported |
| Snoring clinic | |||||||||
| Banhiran 2014 [73] | Thailand | STOP, STOP-Bang | 303 | Level 1—Lab PSG | AHI ≥ 5 | ≥ 90% drop in airflow from baseline, which lasted ≥ 10 s | ≥ 30% reduction in airflow that lasted ≥ 10 s and was associated with ≥ 4% desaturation | ≥ 4% | AASM 2007 |