Table 2.
Exploratory analysis of prognostic factors potentially associated with AKI
| Univariate analysisd | Multivariate analysisd | Final multivariate analysisd | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Anamnestic prognostic factors | OR | 95% CI | p | OR | 95% CI | p | OR | 95% CI | p |
| Duration of symptoms before hospitalizationa, days | 1.2 | 1.10/1.30 | 0.001 | 1.2 | 1.01/1.30 | 0.002 | 1.2 | 1.09/1.43 | 0.001 |
| Birth weightb, kg | 1.9 | 1.02/3.40 | 0.04 | 1.7 | 0.80/3.70 | 0.17 | - | - | - |
| Preterm birth | 2.4 | 1.02/5.80 | 0.04 | 1.5 | 0.50/4.80 | 0.48 | - | - | - |
| Clinical prognostic factors | OR | 95% CI | P | OR | 95% CI | p | OR | 95% CI | p |
| Signs of respiratory distress | 2.4 | 1.10/5.10 | 0.02 | 3.0 | 0.68/13.56 | 0.15 | - | - | - |
| Respiratory rate >2SDS | 3.0 | 1.03/8.90 | 0.04 | 2.7 | 0.75/9.80 | 0.13 | - | - | - |
| Need of oxygen therapy | 3.9 | 1.50/10.20 | 0.006 | 4.9 | 0.66/37.7 | 0.12 | - | - | - |
| Presence of fever | 3.1 | 1.40/6.90 | 0.005 | 13.1 | 2.1/83.5 | 0.006 | 1.9 | 0.72/5.09 | 0.19 |
| Refill >2 seconds | 6.3 | 1.01/38.80 | 0.049 | 2.0 | 0.05/82.90 | 0.71 | - | - | - |
| Severe Pneumonia | 8.6 | 3.8/19.3 | <0.001 | 46.5 | 3.4/642.8 | 0.004 | 11.9 | 4.30/33.30 | <0.001 |
| Biochemical prognostic factors | OR | 95% CI | p | OR | 95% CI | p | OR | 95% CI | p |
| C-reactive proteinc, mg/dL | 1.1 | 1.03/1.22 | 0.001 | 1.1 | 1.05/1.22 | 0.001 | 1.1 | 1.04/1.23 | 0.004 |
| Hematocrit <2SDS | 2.2 | 1.03/4.50 | 0.04 | 1.4 | 0.59/2.9 | 0.49 | - | - | - |
Goodness-of-fit of the models: for the multivariate analysis of anamnestic, clinical and biochemical prognostic factors, the Nagelkerke’s R2 and the p of the Hosmer and Lemeshow test are 0.15 and 0.55, 0.53 and 0.91, and 0.13 and 0.1, respectively. For the final multivariate analysis, the Nagelkerke’s R2 is 0.43 and the p of the Hosmer and Lemeshow test is 0.98.
a1 day increase in symptoms duration
b1 kg increase in birth weight
c1 mg/dL increase in C-reactive protein levels.
dWe included in the multivariate analysis only the variables with p < 0.05 at univariate analysis. We considered significant at multivariate analysis only the variables with significant p after Bonferroni correction. The significant p values after Bonferroni correction were < 0.016 for anamnestic risk factors, < 0.01 for clinical risk factors, and <0.025 for biochemical risk factors. We included in the final multivariate analysis only the variables significant at multivariate analysis after Bonferroni correction. At the final multivariate analysis, the significant p cut-off after Bonferroni correction was 0.012
Abbreviations: AKI acute kidney injury, SDS standard deviation score