Table 1.
Overview of the included studies and characteristics processed for data extraction
| Study | Study design/randomization/blinding | Number of participants | Age | Gender (male/female) | Periodontal condition | Interventions | Antibiotic type (concentration) | Delivery method | Duration of follow-up | Study setting | Previous antibiotic use |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Abbas et al. [35] | Split-mouth/yes/not reported | 30 | 30–50 | Not mentioned | PPD≥6 mm, generalized chronic periodontitis | OFD with/without antibiotic | Minocycline 1 mg (2%) | Periofeel dental ointment | 6 months* | University | No previous antibiotic use |
| Dowell et al. [36] | Split-mouth/yes/yes | 16 | 43.7 ± 0.4 | 7/9 | PPD≥6 mm and evidence of radiographic bone loss | GTR (membrane) with/without antibiotic | Metronidazole, 8 mg per 1 cm2 | Collagen membrane | 26 weeks | University | No previous antibiotic use |
| Jung et al. [37] | Split-mouth/yes/yes | 20 | 43–69 | 14/6 | At least 6 mm deep accompanying BOP. Chronic severe periodontitis | OFD with/without antibiotic | Minocycline 1 mg (2%) | Periocline ointment | 6 months* | University | No previous antibiotic use in last 3 months |
| Lyons et al. [33] | Parallel/yes/yes | 18 | 43–67 | Moderate or severe chronic periodontitis and a mandibular molar with a buccal or lingual degree-II furcation defect | GTR (bone + membrane) with/without antibiotic | 4% doxycycline hyclate | Poly (DL-lactide) PLA barrier | 9 months | University | No previous antibiotic use in last 6 months | |
| Masters et al. [38] | Split-mouth/yes/not reported | 15 | 35–61 | 3/12 | PPD>5 mm and radiographic evidence of an intrabony defect in patients with jadvanced adult periodontitis | Bone graft with/without antibiotic | Tetracycline hydrochloride, 50 mg/ml solution | DFDBA | 12 months | Not mentioned | No systemic tetracycline or metronidazole therapy within 3 months of the surgery |
| Needleman et al. [34] | Parallel/yes/yes | 38 | 35–65 | Not mentioned | PPD≥ 6 mm with BOP, evidence of radiographic bone loss in moderate to advanced periodontitis | MWF surgery with/without antibiotic | 25% metronidazole | Elyzol Dental Gel | 12 months | Not mentioned | No systemic or local antimicrobial therapy in the previous 3 months |
| Reddy et al. [39] | Split-mouth/yes/yes | 15 | Not mentioned | Not mentioned | PPD of ≥6 mm, with radiographic evidence of vertical/angular defects. Chronic generalized periodontitis | Bone graft with/without antibiotic | Moxifloxacin 0.4% | Gel with inert matrix then mixed with hydroxy-apatite composite graft | 12 months | Not mentioned | Not taken antibiotics within last 6 months |
| Sander et al. [40] | Split-mouth/yes/not reported | 12 | 20–60 | 5/7 | PPD >6 mm and evidence of radiographic 2 or 3-walled defect depth of 4 mm | GTR (membrane) with/without antibiotic | 25% metronidazole 1 g | Paroject gel | 6 months | University | No systemic antibiotics 6 months prior to the study |
| Taneja et al. [41] | Split-mouth/yes/not reported | 20 | 35–55 | Not mentioned | PPD in the range of 5–7 mm, radiographic evidence of vertical bone loss | (OFD + PRF) with/without antibiotic | Metronidazole 1% | Gel with inert matrix then mixed with PRF | 9 months | University | Not mentioned |
BOP bleeding on probing, DFDBA demineralized freeze-dried bone allograft, GTR guided tissue regeneration, MWF modified Widman flap, OFD open flap debridement, PPD probing pocket depth, PRF platelet-rich fibrin
*Only 3 months of data were used due to the application of topical antibiotics in the test group after 3 months