Table 3.

Hazard ratios for the association between DPP-4 inhibitor use and primary composite outcome, acute myocardial infraction, stroke, and heart failure compared to sulfonylureas and metformin.

Reference drug	Hazard ratios for DPP-4 inhibitors use
	Primary composite outcomec	Acute myocardial infarction	Stroke	Heart failure
Sulfonylureas
HR (95% CI)a	0.77 [0.69, 0.93]	0.81 [0.56, 1.07]	1.03 [0.84, 1.34]	0.59 [0.35, 0.89]
aHR (95% CI)a	0.84 [0.74, 0.93]	0.95 [0.72, 1.40]	1.08 [0.89, 1.35]	0.71 [0.35, 1.09]
Metformin
HR (95% CI)a	0.98 [0.87, 1.08]	1.13 [0.92, 1.53]	1.12 [0.98, 1.34]	0.94 [0.62, 1.41]
aHR (95% CI)b	1.07 [0.98, 1.16]	1.32 [0.96, 1.81]	1.16 [0.98, 1.42]	1.19 [0.81, 1.81]

^aPropensity score weighting only.

^bPropensity score weighting and demographics, comorbidities, and concomitant medications as regressors and stratifiers.

^cPrimary composite outcome includes myocardial infarction, cardiac arrest, coronary artery bypass, coronary angioplasty, heart failure, stroke, inpatient death.

Bold values indicate statistically significant results.