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. 2021 Aug 17;12:4999. doi: 10.1038/s41467-021-24982-0

Fig. 1. Type I IFN suppresses antibacterial activity in phagosomes.

Fig. 1

Time course of bacteria killing over 24 h of (a) Δhly Lm or (b) E. coli infected WT and IFNAR1 KO BMDMs with or without IFNβ pretreatment. **P = 0.0012, ***P = 0.001. Representative images (c, d) and quantification (e, f) of LAMP1-positive bacteria in BMDMs treated with or without IFNβ, infected with Δhly Lm (c, e) or E. coli (d, f) over 24 h. **P < 0.0087. Arrow denotes LAMP1-positive bacteria, arrowhead denotes LAMP1-negative bacteria. Bulk proteolysis over time (g) and slope of the curve’s linear portion (h) of DQ-BSA-labeled particles in untreated (UT) phagosomes, or treated with IFNβ or IFNγ. ***P < 0.0009. RFU relative fluorescence unit. i Measurement of ROS production in phagosomes of zymosan-fed BMDMs with and without IFNβ or IFNγ. **P = 0.0042, ****P < 0.0001. Data shown are means ± standard deviation (s.d.) for at least n = 3 independent experiments. P value was calculated using (a, b) two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and (e, f, h, i) one-way ANOVA. Scale bars, 3 µm.