Table 1.
Long noncoding RNAs associated with the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases.
| NDDs | lncRNA | Changes | Targets | Function | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| AD | BACE1-AS | Up in AD patients and in APP transgenic mice | Aβ; miR-214-3p | Increase1–42 expression through feedforward regulation; Aggravate neurotoxicity via sponging miR-214-3p | Faghihi et al. (2008) and He et al. (2020) |
| NEAT1 | Up in AD patients; Aβ-induced SH–SY5Y cells; AD mouse model | Aβ; miR-107; CDK5R1; miR-124; NEDD4L | Attenuate Aβ-induced neural injury; As a decoy of miR-107; Increased CDK5R1 levels by sponging miR-15/107 family; Increase miR-124 expression to perform neuroprotective effects; Promote PINK1 ubiquitination | Spreafico et al. (2018), Ke et al. (2019), Zhao et al. (2019); and Huang et al. (2020) | |
| MEG3 | Down in AD rat model | Aβ | Inactivate the PI3/Akt pathway | Yi et al. (2019) | |
| BC1 | Up in AD mice | FMRP | Induces APP mRNA translation via FMRP | Zhang T. et al. (2018) | |
| 17A | Up in AD patients and AD cell models | Aβ | Enhance the secretion of Aβ via inducing inflammatory stimuli | Massone et al. (2011) | |
| MALAT1 | Up in in PC 12 AD models | miR-125b; mR-30b | Sponge miR-125b to perform neuroprotective role; Serve as a sponge for mR-30b to up-regulate CNR1 | Ma et al. (2019) and Li L. et al. (2020) | |
| ANRIL | Up in AD PC12 cells | miR-125a | Inhibit inflammatory cytokine expression | Zhou B. et al. (2020) | |
| XIST | Up in AD rat and cell model | miR-124; miR-132 | Regulate BACE1 expression; Sponge miR-132 to perform neuroprotective role | Yue et al. (2020) and Wang X. et al. (2018) | |
| RPPH1 | Up in AD mice | CDC42; miR-122; miR-326 | Up-regulate the expression of CDC42; Activate Wnt/β-catenin signaling; Attenuate ERS and apoptosis induced by Aβ25–35 | Cai et al. (2017) and Gu et al. (2020a,2020b) | |
| ATB | Up in AD patients and cell models | miR-200 | Sponge miR-200 to perform neuroprotective role | Wang J. et al. (2018) | |
| EBF3-AS | Up in APP/PS1 mice | Aβ | Inhibit Aβ25–35 induced apoptosis | Gu et al. (2018) | |
| BC200 | Up in AD cell model | BACE1 | Suppress BACE1 expression | Li et al. (2018) | |
| SNHG1 | Up in AD patients and SH–SY5Y cell models | miR-137; miR-361-3p | Exert neuronal protective effects by sponging miR-137; Promote cell injury | Wang et al. (2019) and Gao et al. (2020) | |
| TUG1 | Up in AD mice | miR-15a | Suppress ROCK1 expression and inhibit neuronal apoptosis | Li X. et al. (2020) | |
| Linc00507 | Up in APP/PS mice and SH–SY5Y cells | miR-181c-5p | Mediate tau protein hyperphosphorylation | Yan et al. (2020) | |
| SOX21–AS1 | Up in SH–SY5Y cells | miR-107 | Promote Aβ1–42 mediated p-Tau and neuronal apoptosis | Xu et al. (2020a) | |
| BDNF–AS | Up in PC 12 cells | BDNF | Regulate BDNF expression | Guo et al. (2018) | |
| LINC00094 | Up in AD mice | miR-224-4p; miR-497-5p | Regulate BBB permeability in AD | Zhu et al. (2019) | |
| PD | SNHG1 | Up in PD patients and MPP+-induced cell | miR-221/222; miR-153-3p; miR-15b-5p; miR-7 | Increase LC3-II levels and promote cytotoxicity; Aggravate MPP+-induced cellular toxicity; Contribute to Lewy body formation; Activate of NLRP3 inflammasome | Chen et al. (2016), Cao et al. (2018), Qian et al. (2019); and Zhao et al. (2020a) |
| NEAT1 | Up in PD mouse | PINK1; miR-1301-3p; miR-1277-5p; miR-212-5p | Inhibit the degradation of PINK1 protein; Regulate α-syn-induced activation of NLRP3 inflammation; Contribute to MPP+-induced neuron injury, inflammation and apoptosis | Yan et al. (2018), Sun et al. (2020); and Liu et al. (2020) | |
| HAGLROS | Up in PD mouse and MPP+-induced cell | miR-100 | Regulate autophagy and apoptosis | Peng et al. (2019) | |
| BDNF-AS | Up in PD mouse and MPP+-induced cell | miR-125b–5p | Regulate autophagy and apoptosis | Fan et al. (2020) | |
| SNHG14 | Up in PD mouse | miR-133b; miR-214-3p | Down-regulating α-syn; Regulate expression of KLF4 | Zhang et al. (2019) and Zhou et al. (2020a) | |
| LincRNA-p21 | Up in MPP+-induced cell | miR-1277-5p; miR-181; miR-625 | Increase the expression of α-syn; Induce microglial activation; Inhibit MPP+-induced neuronal injury | Xu et al. (2018), Ye et al. (2018); and Ding et al. (2019) | |
| UCA1 | Up in PD mouse and MPP+-induced cell | α-syn | Up-regulate expressions of α-syn; Regulate activation of the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway | Lu et al. (2018) and Cai et al. (2019) | |
| MALAT1 | Down in PD mouse | miR-129; miR-124; miR-124–3p | Up-regulate expressions of α-syn; Promote the apoptosis; Down-regulate DAPK1 expression | Liu et al. (2017), Liu et al. (2020) and Xia et al. (2019) | |
| Mirt2 | Down in PD SH-SY5Y cells | miR-101 | Anti-inflammatory reaction | Han et al. (2019) | |
| GAS5 | Up in PD mice model | miR-223–3p | Regulate the NLRP3 expression | Xu et al. (2020b) | |
| BACE1-AS | Up in PD rat model | α-syn; miR-34b–5p | Reduce α-syn expression; Downregulate BACE1 expression | Li Y. et al. (2020) | |
| NORAD | Down in PD SH-SY5Y cells | α-syn | Rescue MPP+-induced cellular destruction and apoptosis | Song et al. (2019) | |
| HOTAIR | Up in the PD mice and SH-SY5Y cell lines | LRRK2; miR-326; miR-874–5p | Up-regulate LRRK2 expression; Repress NLRP3 mediated pyroptosis; Contribute MPP+-triggered neuronal injury | Wang et al. (2017), Zhang Q. et al. (2020); and Zhang Y. et al. (2020) | |
| DAPK1 | Up in SH-SY5Y cells | miR-124–3p | Promote the apoptosis | Lu et al. (2020) | |
| H19 | Up in PD model mice | miR-585–3p; miR-301b–3p | Inhibit neurons apoptosis in MPTP-induced PD mice; Inhibit HPRT1 expression | Jiang et al. (2020) and Zhang Y. et al. (2020) | |
| TUG1 | Up in PD model mice | miR-152–3p | Regulate PTEN expression | Zhai et al. (2020) | |
| HD | HAR1 | Down in HD mice model | Johnson et al. (2010) | ||
| NEAT1 | Up in HD patients | REST | Relate to regulation of p53 gene | Smeenk et al. (2011) and | |
| MEG3 | Down in HD patients | Johnson (2012) | |||
| HTTAS | Up in HD patients | HTT | Regulate HTT expression | Chung et al. (2011) and | |
| Abhd11os | Down in HD mice model | Francelle et al. (2015) | |||
| ALS | NEAT1_2 | Up in the early ALS | RBP | Regulate the expression of ALS-related RBP | Nishimoto et al. (2013) |