TABLE 1.

Summary of the act of lncRNAs as therapeutic targets and potential biomarkers for lipid-related diseases.

LncRNAs	Dys-regulation	Human samples	Targets	Molecular mechanisms	Diseases	References
HOXC-AS1	Up	Carotid atherosclerosis	HOXC6	Facilitates HOXC6 expression	Atherosclerosis	Huang et al. (2016)
GAS5	Down	Atherosclerotic plaque	—	—	Atherosclerosis	Chen et al. (2017)
RAPIA	Up	Atherosclerotic plaque	miR-183-5p, ITGB1	Promotes ITGB1 expression by targeting miR-183-5p	Atherosclerosis	Sun et al. (2020)
MIAT	Up	Serum	miR-149-5p, CD47	Promotes CD47 expression by targeting miR-149-5p	Atherosclerosis	Ye et al. (2019)
LncRNA-ATB	Up	Serum	Caspase-3	Promotes the expression of caspase-3	Atherosclerosis	Yu et al. (2019)
CHROME	Up	Plasma	miR-27b, miR-33a, miR-33b, miR-128 and ABCA1	Regulates cholesterol efflux and nascent HDL particle formation by miRNAs/ABCA1 pathway	Atherosclerosis	Hennessy et al. (2019)
RP11-714G18.1	Down	Atherosclerotic plaques	LRP2BP, MMP1	Display athero-protective role via LRP2BP/MMP1 pathway	—	—
CASC11	Down	Plasma	IL-9	Improve atherosclerosis by inhibiting IL-9 expression	Atherosclerosis	Tao et al. (2019)
NEXN-AS1	Down	Atherosclerotic plaques, blood	NEXN	Mitigates atherosclerosis by regulating NEXN	CAD	Hu et al. (2019a)
ENST00000416361	Up	Plasma	SREBP1, SREBP2	Promotes SREBP1 and SREBP2 expression	CAD	Li et al. (2020a)
MEG3	Up	Tissues	miR-26a, Smad1	Promotes Smad1 expression by targeting miR-26a	CAD	Bai et al. (2019)
ANRIL	Up	Tissue	EZR, CXCL11 or TMEM106B	Exerts opposing effects on endothelial cell activities associated with coronary artery disease	CAD	Cho et al. (2020)
Ang362	Up	Plasma	—	—	CHD	Wang et al. (2020a)
KCNQ1OT1	Up	Serum	miR-26a-5p, ATG12	Promotes cardiomyocyte autophagy and aggravates MI by miR-26a-5p/ATG12 axis	MI	Li et al. (2021a)
LINC00261	Up	Tissues	miR-522-3p, TNRC6A	Promotes MI through the miR-522-3p/TNRC6A axis	MI	Jiang et al. (2021)
NRF	Up	Blood	—	—	MI patients with HF	Yan et al. (2020)
NEAT1	Up	Blood	miR-378a-3p, ATG12	Promotes cardiomyocytes injury by targeting miR-378a-3p	MI	Zhao et al. (2020)
CHAST	Up	Blood	—	—	MI	Wang et al. (2020b)
MALAT1	Up	Tissue	miR-144-3p	Promotes cardiomyocyte apoptosis after MI via targeting miR-144-3p	MI	Gong et al. (2019)
TTTY15	Up	Blood	miR-455-5p, JDP2	Promotes hypoxia-induced cardiomyocytes injury by targeting miR-455-5p	MI	Huang et al. (2019a)
CAIF	Down	Tissues and serum	—	—	MI	Wu et al. (2019)
MALAT1	Up	Serum	miR-200a-3p, PDCD4	Regulates cardiomyocytes apoptosis after via modulating miR-200a-3p/PDCD4 axis	MI	Sun and Zhang, (2019)
TUG1	Up	Aortic valves	miR-204-5p, Runx2	Promotes osteoblast differentiation by miR-204-5p/Runx2 axis	CAVD	Yu et al. (2018)
LncARSR	Up	Serum	SREBP-2, HMGCR	Increases SREBP-2 expression and HMGCR.	Hypercholesterolemia	Huang et al. (2018)
HULC	Up	HCC tissues	ASCL1, PPARA	miR-9/PPARA/ACSL1/cholesterol/RXRA/HULC signalling	Hepatocellular carcinoma	Cui et al. (2015)
NEAT1	Up	Serum	miR-129-5p, SOCS2	Promotes liver fibrosis by miR-129-5p/SOCS2	ASH	Ye et al. (2020)
MALAT1	Up	Liver biopsy	miR-20b-5p, TXNIP	Promotes TXNIP expression by targeting mR-20b-5p	NAFLD	Li et al. (2021b)
LeXis	Up	Liver biopsy	—	—	NAFLD	Park et al. (2020)
B4GALT1-AS1	Down	Liver tissues	hnRNPA1	Recruits hnRNPA1 to suppress hepatic lipogenesis and gluconeogenesis	NAFLD	Wang et al. (2018)
GAS5	Up	Plasma	—	—	NAFLD	Han et al. (2020)
LncARSR	Up	Liver tissues	Akt, SREBP-1c	Promotes hepatic lipogenesis via Akt/SREBP-1c pathway	NAFLD	Zhang et al. (2018)
Lnc18q22.2	Up	Liver tissues	—	—	NAFLD	Atanasovska et al. (2017)
RP11-142A22.4	Up	Visceral adipose tissue	miR-587, Wnt5β	Promotes adipogenesis by sponging miR-587 to modulate Wnt5β expression	Obesity	Zhang et al. (2020c)
LINC00473	Down	Adipose tissue	—	—	Obesity and type-2 diabetes	Tran et al. (2020)
E330013P06	Up	Blood	—	—	Breast cancer patient with type-2 diabetes	Chen et al. (2020)
SNHG8	Up	Blood	SOCS3, ICAM1	Promotes SOCS3 or ICAM1 expression by sponging miR-411-5p	AMI	Zhuo et al. (2019)