Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of subjects by the dynamic patterns of MetS in 2010.
| MetS-free | MetS-developed | MetS-recovery | MetS-stable | P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Number | 19,373 | 3,277 | 2,652 | 6,179 | |
| Mean age (SD), year | 50.8 (12.2) | 53.7 (11.2) | 54.0 (11.4) | 56.0 (10.5) | <0.001 |
| Female, n (%) | 4,733 (24.4) | 627 (19.1) | 483 (18.2) | 1,291 (20.9) | <0.001 |
| Mean BMI (SD), kg/m2 | 23.7 (3.0) | 26.7 (3.1) | 25.3 (3.2) | 27.5 (3.1) | <0.001 |
| High school or above, n (%) | 5,376 (27.8) | 680 (20.8) | 530 (20.0) | 1,164 (18.8) | <0.001 |
| Married, n (%) | 19,071 (98.4) | 3,248 (99.1) | 2,619 (98.8) | 6,119 (99.0) | <0.001 |
| Ever smokers, n (%) | 7,253 (37.4) | 1,421 (43.4) | 944 (35.6) | 2,491 (40.3) | <0.001 |
| Ever drinkers, n (%) | 6,404 (33.1) | 1,338 (40.8) | 839 (31.6) | 2,303 (37.3) | <0.001 |
| Inactive physical activity, n (%) | 6,169 (31.8) | 1,073 (32.7) | 718 (27.1) | 1,860 (30.1) | <0.001 |
| High salt intake, n (%) | 1,872 (9.7) | 405 (12.4) | 236 (8.9) | 766 (12.4) | <0.001 |
| Family history of MI, n (%) | 368 (1.90) | 74 (2.26) | 45 (1.70) | 162 (2.62) | 0.002 |
| Family history of stroke, n (%) | 834 (4.30) | 156 (4.76) | 102 (3.85) | 329 (5.32) | 0.002 |
| Mean SBP (SD), mmHg | 123.5 (17.1) | 138.9 (17.0) | 131.3 (18.5) | 143.5 (18.4) | <0.001 |
| Mean DBP (SD), mmHg | 80.6 (9.8) | 89.2 (10.1) | 84.8 (10.3) | 90.4 (10.7) | <0.001 |
| Mean WC (SD), cm | 83.9 (9.7) | 93.6 (8.5) | 88.2 (9.6) | 95.2 (8.9) | <0.001 |
| Mean FBG (SD), mmol/L | 5.15 (0.98) | 6.14 (1.59) | 5.35 (1.21) | 6.94 (2.63) | <0.001 |
| Mean TG (SD), mmol/L | 1.17 (0.79) | 2.47 (2.17) | 1.37 (0.85) | 2.85 (2.53) | <0.001 |
| Mean HDL-C (SD), mmol/L | 1.61 (0.47) | 1.44 (0.53) | 1.51 (0.38) | 1.38 (0.42) | <0.001 |
| MetS components, n (%) | <0.001 | ||||
| 0 | 3,802 (19.6) | 0 (0) | 145 (5.5) | 0 (0) | |
| 1 | 7,629 (39.4) | 0 (0) | 733 (27.6) | 0 (0) | |
| 2 | 7942 (41.0) | 0 (0) | 1,774 (66.9) | 0 (0) | |
| 3 | 0 (0) | 2,165 (66.1) | 0 (0) | 3,116 (50.4) | |
| 4 | 0 (0) | 967 (29.5) | 0 (0) | 2,421 (39.2) | |
| 5 | 0 (0) | 145 (4.4) | 0 (0) | 642 (10.4) | |
| Elevated WC, n (%)a | 9,697 (50.1) | 3,124 (95.3) | 1,784 (67.3) | 5,899 (95.5) | <0.001 |
| Hypertension, n (%)b | 5,172 (26.7) | 2,194 (66.9) | 1,176 (44.3) | 4,745 (76.8) | <0.001 |
| Diabetes, n (%)c | 387 (2.0) | 555 (16.9) | 153 (5.8) | 2,275 (36.8) | <0.001 |
| Hyperlipidemia, n (%) | 348 (1.8) | 263 (8.0) | 87 (3.3) | 849 (13.7) | <0.001 |
| Anti-hypertensive drug use, n (%) | 702 (3.62) | 560 (17.09) | 222 (8.37) | 1,633 (26.43) | <0.001 |
| Anti-diabetic drug use, n (%) | 79 (0.41) | 128 (3.91) | 49 (1.85) | 764 (12.36) | <0.001 |
| Lipid-lowering drug use, n (%) | 11 (0.06) | 50 (1.53) | 1 (0.04) | 194 (3.14) | <0.001 |
a
Elevated WC was determined by the measured WC ≥85 cm for men or ≥80 cm for women.
b
Hypertension was determined by the measured blood pressure ≥140/90 mmHg or use of the anti-hypertensive drug.
c
Diabetes was determined by the measured FBG ≥7.0 mmol/L or use of the anti-diabetic drug.
MetS, metabolic syndrome; BMI, body mass index; MI, myocardial infarction; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; WC, waist circumference; FBG, fasting blood glucose; TG, triglyceride; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; SD, standard deviation.