FIGURE 1.

phenazopyridine regulates the human kinome. (A) Chemical structure of phenazopyridine. (B) The impact of phenazopyridine on kinases and their respective pathways was analysed in PSC by the Tyrosine or Serine/Threonine kinase assays (Pamgene). Substrates of336 kinases were exposed to the cellular content of PSC exposed to the drug. Phosphorylation of these substrates, as an indication of kinase activity, was measured by fluorescent antibodies at different time points. The fold change between phenazopyridine and DMSO control conditions was calculated. Kinases altered by phenazopyridine with a significant regulation of fold change (p < 0,05) were then hierarchically clustered. (C) Functional clustering into networks of kinases upregulated in the presence of phenazopyridine, according to an analysis with the STRING database. (D) Functional clustering into networks of kinases down-regulated in the presence of phenazopyridine.