Table 1.
Clinical characteristics according to non-alcoholic fatty liver disease-associated steatosis severity
|
|
Mild (n = 182)
|
Moderate/severe (n = 123)
|
P
value1
|
| Age (yr) | 50 (44-54) | 52 (45-57) | 0.002 |
| Gender | |||
| Male | 99 (54) | 72 (59) | 0.503 |
| Female | 83 (46) | 51 (41) | |
| Race | |||
| Black | 17 (9) | 15 (12) | 0.383 |
| Brown | 52 (29) | 41 (34) | |
| White | 109 (61) | 61 (50) | |
| Asian | 2 (1) | 3 (2) | |
| Indigenous | 0 (0) | 2 (2) | |
| Use of alcohol | |||
| Never used | 15 (8) | 10 (8) | 0.144 |
| Ex-user | 46 (25) | 22 (18) | |
| User | 121 (67) | 91 (74) | |
| Smoking habit | |||
| Non smoker | 102 (56) | 62 (50) | 0.261 |
| Smoker | 80 (44) | 61 (50) | |
| Metabolic syndrome (NCEP ATP III) | |||
| Presence | 62 (34) | 78 (63) | < 0.001 |
| Absence | 120 (66) | 45 (37) | |
| Diabetes mellitus | |||
| Presence | 25 (14) | 45 (37) | < 0.001 |
| Absence | 157 (86) | 78 (63) | |
| High cholesterol | |||
| Presence | 59 (33) | 62 (51) | < 0.001 |
| Absence | 122 (67) | 61 (49) | |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 26.6 (24.6-29.6) | 29.2 (27.2-32.3) | < 0.001 |
| Waist circumference (cm) | 94.1 (87.5-100.0) | 101.5 (94.1-107.5) | < 0.001 |
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 117 (108-127.5) | 121.5 (113.5-131.2) | 0.001 |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 75.5 (69.6-81.5) | 79.5 (74.0-86.0) | < 0.001 |
| Laboratory | |||
| Fasting glucose (mg/dL) | 99.28 (93.33-105.84) | 104.24 (97.79-116.14) | < 0.001 |
| HbA1c (mg/dL) | 5.40 (5.1-5.8) | 5.76 (5.3-6.2) | < 0.001 |
| Insulin (mcUI/mL) | 9.91 (7.1-13.9) | 13.71 (10.5-19.32) | < 0.001 |
| Total cholesterol (mg/dL) | 199.6 (176.8-227.6) | 196.2 (175.3-222.8) | 0.636 |
| Triglycerides (mg/dL) | 107.8 (79.0-152.4) | 137.15 (99.6-225.0) | < 0.001 |
| HDL (mg/dL) | 50.1 (42.9-60.1) | 47.45 (42.0-54.2) | 0.007 |
| ALT (mg/dL) | 25 (19-33) | 30 (22.5-40) | 0.001 |
| AST (mg/dL) | 24 (21-28) | 24 (21-29.5) | 0.276 |
| GGT (mg/dL) | 24 (18-35) | 33 (23-51) | < 0.001 |
| hs-CRP (mg/dL) | 1.6 (0.8-3.5) | 2.2 (1.4-4.7) | < 0.001 |
| Uric acid (mg/dL) | 5.4 (4.5-6.6) | 6 (5.2-6.9) | < 0.001 |
| Microalbuminuria (mg/dL) | 0.50 (0.33-0.82) | 0.51 (0.31-1.05) | 0.265 |
| Creatinine (mg/dL) | 0.87 (0.77-0.97) | 0.87 (0.77-0.97) | 0.324 |
| Sodium (mg/dL) | 143 (141-144) | 143 (141-144) | 0.200 |
| Potassium (mg/dL) | 4.5 (4.2-4.7) | 4.4 (4.2-4.7) | 0.820 |
Data were presented as median (interquartile range) or count (percentage).
1
Jonckheere-Terpstra for continuous variables and Cox-Mantel-Haenszel for categorical ones for trend between categories.
HbA1c: Hemoglobin A1c; HDL: High-density lipoprotein; ALT: alanine aminotransferase; AST: aspartate aminotransferase; GGT: Gamma-glutamyl transferase; hs-CRP: High sensitivity C-reactive protein.