Table 5. Effect of dietary brown rice on the expression of immune-related genes in the spleen of broiler chickens either subjected or not to heat stress.

	TN		HS		TN	HS	Corn	Rice	Pooled SEM	Significance
	Corn	Rice	Corn	Rice						T	D	T×D
Gene
HSP70	1.0ab	0.5b	1.7a	1.0ab	0.7	1.4	1.4	0.7	0.19	<0.01	<0.01	0.75
HSP90	1.0a	0.6b	0.6b	0.4b	0.8	0.5	0.8	0.5	0.10	<0.01	<0.01	0.37
TLR4	1.0b	0.5b	1.9a	0.7b	—	—	—	—	0.17	<0.01	<0.01	0.04
TLR5	1.0	0.8	0.6	0.6	0.9	0.6	0.8	0.7	0.13	0.05	0.55	0.30
TLR15	1.0a	0.6b	0.9a	0.5b	0.8	0.7	1.0	0.6	0.09	0.37	<0.01	0.99
IL-4	1.0a	0.7ab	0.3b	0.5ab	0.8	0.4	0.7	0.6	0.16	0.01	0.58	0.14
IL-6	1.0a	0.7ab	0.5b	0.6ab	0.8	0.5	0.7	0.6	0.12	0.01	0.30	0.14
IL-12	1.0b	0.9b	2.0a	1.4ab	0.9	1.7	1.5	1.1	0.23	<0.01	0.12	0.32
chBAFF	1.0a	0.5b	1.0a	0.2b	0.7	0.6	1.0	0.4	0.14	0.56	<0.01	0.11

The values are means of 10 birds per treatment and their pooled SEM.

^{a, b}p<0.05 for each treatment; values with different letters are statistically different.

Abbreviations: TN, thermo-neutral; HS, heat stress; T, temperature; D, diet; HSP, heat shock protein; TLR, toll-like receptor; IL, interleukin; BAFF, B cell-activating factor.