Table 1. Maternal Characteristics by Race and Ethnicity in Individuals Aged 15 to 44 Years With Singleton First Live Births in the US, 2011-2019.
| Characteristic | No. (%)a | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Overall (n = 12 610 235) |
Hispanic/Latina (n = 2 618 571) | Non-Hispanic Asian/Pacific Islander (n = 978 919) | Non-Hispanic Black (n = 1 774 263) | Non-Hispanic White (n = 7 035 544) | |
| Age, mean (SD), y | 26.3 (5.8) | 24.4 (5.8) | 29.8 (5.0) | 24.3 (5.7) | 27.0 (5.6) |
| Education | |||||
| Some high school or less | 1 450 871 (11.6) | 601 932 (23.2) | 52 326 (5.4) | 269 210 (15.3) | 499 828 (7.1) |
| High school graduate | 3 016 982 (24.2) | 837 820 (32.3) | 110 394 (11.4) | 578 488 (32.9) | 1 445 159 (20.6) |
| Any college | 7 997 521 (64.2) | 1 150 312 (44.4) | 802 458 (83.1) | 913 013 (51.9) | 5 055 176 (72.2) |
| Insurance | |||||
| Medicaid | 4 803 572 (38.4) | 1 471 205 (56.7) | 218 649 (22.5) | 1 087 815 (61.8) | 1 936 592 (27.8) |
| Private insurance | 6 753 250 (54.0) | 837 770 (32.3) | 661 143 (68.0) | 548 030 (31.2) | 4 616 167 (66.2) |
| Self-pay | 417 289 (3.3) | 155 144 (6.0) | 58 012 (6.0) | 50 073 (2.8) | 149 393 (2.1) |
| Other | 528 225 (4.2) | 130 693 (5.0) | 34 626 (3.6) | 73 296 (4.2) | 274 315 (3.9) |
| Prenatal care | |||||
| Started in 1st trimester | 9 549 047 (78.0) | 1 829 645 (71.9) | 765 279 (80.3) | 1 154 476 (68.2) | 5 655 660 (82.5) |
| Started in 2nd trimester | 2 011 583 (16.4) | 516 586 (20.3) | 135 188 (14.2) | 390 391 (23.1) | 932 401 (13.6) |
| Started in 3rd trimester | 523 193 (4.3) | 146 627 (5.8) | 44 104 (4.6) | 108 518 (6.4) | 212 681 (3.1) |
| None | 158 796 (1.3) | 51 382 (2.0) | 8002 (0.8) | 39 127 (2.3) | 56 897 (0.8) |
| Pregestational BMI, median (IQR) | 24.4 (21.5-29.0) | 24.9 (21.9-29.3) | 22.3 (20.1-25.2) | 25.8 (22.1-31.2) | 24.2 (21.5-28.9) |
| BMI ≥25 | 5 626 249 (46.0) | 1 247 991 (49.2) | 248 563 (26.3) | 942 200 (55.4) | 3 095 604 (45.1) |
| BMI ≥30 | 2 658 950 (21.7) | 569 500 (22.4) | 72 407 (7.7) | 508 110 (29.9) | 1 463 775 (21.3) |
Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index (calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared); IQR, interquartile range.
a
Percentages for categorical maternal characteristics account for missing data. Characteristics in non-Hispanic Asian and Hispanic/Latina subgroups are detailed in eTables 1 and 2 in the Supplement.