Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of the study population
| Total N (%) | Bacterial infections | p value* | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Yes n (%) | No n (%) | |||
| COVID-19 hospitalized patients | 1594 | 135 | 1459 | – |
| Mean age (mean, SD) | 65 (15.0) | 68 (14.3) | 64.5 (14.9) | 0.007 |
| Male sex | 990 (62.1) | 87 (64.4) | 903 (61.9) | Ns |
| High blood pressure | 699 (43.9) | 65 (48.1) | 634 (43.5) | Ns |
| Diabetes mellitus | 281 (17.6) | 37 (27.4) | 244 (16.7) | 0.002 |
| Obesity | 424 (26.6) | 36 (30) | 388 (35.7) | Ns |
| Heart disease | 270 (16.9) | 28 (20.7) | 242 (16.6) | Ns |
| Neurological disease | 225 (14.1) | 28 (20.7) | 197 (13.5) | 0.021 |
| Lung disease | 248 (15.6) | 26 (19.3) | 222 (15.2) | Ns |
| Kidney disease | 112 (7) | 18 (13.3) | 94 (6.4) | 0.003 |
| Liver disease | 48 (3) | 6 (4.4) | 42 (2.9) | Ns |
| Immunosuppression | 166 (10.4) | 39 (28.9) | 127 (8.7) | < 0.0001 |
| Autoimmune disease | 65 (4.1) | 12 (8.9) | 53 (3.6) | 0.01 |
| Solid organ transplantation | 30 (1.9) | 6 (4.4) | 24 (1.6) | 0.036 |
| Hematological disease | 35 (2.2) | 10 (7.4) | 25 (1.7) | 0.000 |
| Solid organ neoplasm | 32 (2) | 8 (5.9) | 24 (1.6) | 0.004 |
| Others | 4 (0.25) | – | – | – |
| Immunosuppressive treatment | 139 (8.7) | 34 (25.2) | 105 (7.2) | 0.000 |
| Steroids | 68 (4.3) | 15 (11.1) | 53 (3.6) | 0.000 |
| Calcineurin inhibitors | 25 (1.6) | 6 (4.4) | 19 (1.3) | 0.005 |
| Mycophenolate | 25 (1.6) | 8 (5.9) | 17 (1.2) | 0.000 |
| Biologicals | 30 (1.9) | 6 (4.4) | 24 (1.6) | 0.022 |
| Chemotherapy | 16 (1) | 6 (4.4) | 10 (0.7) | 0.000 |
| Others | 6 (0.4) | – | – | – |
SD Standard deviation, NS Non-significant