Table 1.
Patient demographics, clinical and laboratory parameters of AS patients on different stages of hip involvement
| Total AS patients | Group A (n = 21) | Group B (n = 42) | Group C (n = 25) | P value | Adjusted P value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| A-B | A-C | B-C | ||||||
| Male gender, n (%) | 72 (81.8%) | 20 (95.2%) | 33 (78.6%) | 19 (76.0%) | 0.175 | |||
| Age at outpatient visit (years) | 30.00 (25.25, 34.75) | 32.00 (30.00, 39.00) | 30.00 (25.50–34.25) | 28.50 (25.00–35.00) | 0.147 | |||
| Age at onset (years) | 23.00 (19.00, 26.00) | 25.00 (23.00, 28.00) | 22.00 (18.00, 27.25) | 21.50 (17.00, 24.00) | 0.005* | 0.093 | 0.004* | 0.390 |
| Disease duration (years) | 6.50 (2.00, 10.50) | 6.00 (2.00, 11.00) | 6.00 (2.00, 9.00) | 7.00 (2.00, 11.00) | 0.812 | |||
| Diagnosis delay (years) | 2.00 (0.25, 8.00) | 1.00 (0.00, 6.00) | 2.00 (0.00, 8.00) | 2.00 (1.00, 10.50) | 0.233 | |||
| Family history, n (%) | 27 (30.7%) | 6 (28.6%) | 9 (21.4%) | 12 (48.0%) | 0.081 | |||
| EAMs, n (%) | 14 (15.9%) | 1 (4.8%) | 7 (16.7%) | 6 (24.0%) | 0.213 | |||
| Uveitis, n (%) | 3 (3.4%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 3 (12.0%) | 0.033* | \ | 0.239 | 0.048* |
| IBD, n (%) | 7 (8.0%) | 1 (4.8%) | 5 (11.9%) | 1 (4.0%) | 0.595 | |||
| Psoriasis, n (%) | 4 (4.4%) | 0 (0.0%) | 2 (4.8%) | 2 (8.0%) | 0.570 | |||
| Use of NSAIDs, n (%) | 82 (93.2%) | 19 (90.5%) | 39 (92.9%) | 24 (96.0%) | 0.327 | |||
| Use of DMARDs, n (%) | 36 (40.9%) | 8 (38.1%) | 17 (40.5%) | 11 (44.0%) | 0.922 | |||
| BMI | 25.95 (22.86, 29.09) | 27.12 (23.12, 29.93) | 25.81 (22.86, 29.36) | 25.95 (19.59, 28.98) | 0.752 | |||
| HLA-B27 positivity, n (%) | 80 (90.9%) | 21 (100.0%) | 38 (90.5%) | 21 (84.0%) | 0.165 | |||
| ESR (mm) | 25.50 (13.00, 38.00) | 13.00 (10.00, 24.50) | 25.00 (13.00, 39.25) | 29.00 (25.00, 41.25) | < 0.001* | 0.016* | < 0.001* | 0.296 |
| CRP (mg/L) | 14.80 (9.30, 27.80) | 13.20 (6.60, 15.56) | 14.30 (5.28, 27.80) | 24.20 (12.70, 53.80) | 0.003* | 0.610 | 0.003* | 0.032* |
| hsCRP(mg/L) | 13.54 (4.60, 28.17) | 7.70 (4.93, 20.44) | 12.20 (3.42, 29.49) | 25.96 (8.83, 34.24) | 0.031* | 0.869 | 0.031* | 0.179 |
| ALB (g/L) | 45.50 (43.00, 47.45) | 44.90 (41.30, 46.80) | 46.30 (43.95, 47.70) | 43.90 (43.00, 46.65) | 0.134 | |||
| HGB(g/L) | 142.00 (133.00, 150.00) | 145.00 (141.00–159.00) | 143.00 (131.50–152.00) | 141.00 (130.00–149.00) | 0.123 | |||
| BASDAI | 3.20 (1.80, 5.35) | 2.00 (1.40, 3.00) | 3.40 (1.65, 5.25) | 4.60 (3.20, 5.80) | < 0.001* | 0.070 | < 0.001* | 0.023* |
| BASFI | 1.60 (0.73, 2.60) | 0.70 (0.60, 1.30) | 1.80 (0.80, 2.90) | 2.00 (1.60, 2.83) | < 0.001* | 0.001* | < 0.001* | 0.214 |
| ASQOL | 6.00 (2.00, 8.00) | 2.00 (2.00, 3.00) | 6.00 (2.75, 8.00) | 7.00 (6.00, 11.75) | 0.001* | 0.011* | 0.001* | 0.541 |
| ASDAS-ESR | 2.35 (1.83, 3.10) | 1.79 (1.05–1.96) | 2.44 (1.90–3.48) | 2.93 (2.35–3.55) | < 0.001* | < 0.001* | < 0.001* | 0.443 |
| ASDAS-CRP | 2.45 (1.61, 3.23) | 1.54 (1.43, 1.98) | 2.52 (1.79, 3.46) | 2.63 (2.37, 3.42) | < 0.001* | < 0.001* | < 0.001* | 0.538 |
| SF-12PCS | 42.20 (27.70, 52.20) | 50.10 (39.00, 55.40) | 42.20 (28.38, 50.40) | 32.10 (22.80, 51.83) | 0.020* | 0.092 | 0.020* | 1.000 |
| SF-12MCS | 42.75 (27.50, 53.50) | 52.20 (40.00, 54.75) | 42.35 (29.45, 53.50) | 31.90 (25.40, 51.75) | 0.038* | 0.279 | 0.032* | 0.675 |
| HHS | 86.00 (67.00, 94.75) | 95.00 (93.00, 96.00) | 77.00 (54.00, 89.75) | 69.00 (51.50, 87.00) | < 0.001* | < 0.001* | < 0.001* | 0.875 |
| BARSI | 2.00 (1.00, 3.00) | 1.00 (1.00, 1.00) | 2.00 (1.00, 2.00) | 3.00 (3.00, 4.00) | < 0.001* | 0.002* | < 0.001* | < 0.001* |
| HIMRISS | 29.63 (15.25, 43.00) | 14.50 (11.38, 22.25) | 29.38 (17.00, 40.94) | 38 (31.13, 64.38) | < 0.001* | 0.009* | < 0.001* | 0.103 |
*P < 0.05, AS ankylosing spondylitis, EAMs extra-articular manifestations, IBD inflammatory bowel disease, NSAIDs nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, DMARDs disease modifying anti-rheumatic drugs, BMI bone mass density, HLA-B27 human leucocyte antigen-B 27, ESR erythrocyte sedimentation rate, CRP C reactive protein, hsCRP high sensitive C reactive protein, ALB albumin, HGB hemoglobin, BASDAI Bath ankylosing spondylitis disease activity index, BASFI Bath ankylosing spondylitis functional index, ASQOL ankylosing spondylitis quality of life, ASDAS Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Score, SF-12 PCS short form-12 physical component summary, SF-12 MCS short form-12 mental component summary, HHS Harris hip score, BASRI-Hip the bath ankylosing spondylitis radiology hip index
Group A represents the hips with no hip involvement (HHS ≥ 80 and BASRI ≤ 1), group B represents the hips with mild hip involvement (BASRI = 2 or BASRI ≤ 1 and HHS ≤ 79) and Group C represents the hips with advanced hip involvement (BASRI ≥ 3)
The value of continuous variables was presented as median and quartile (25–75%) and the categorical variables were based on presented as number plus percentage