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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2022 Jul 1.
Published in final edited form as: J Consult Clin Psychol. 2021 Jul;89(7):601–614. doi: 10.1037/ccp0000663

Table 3:

Main effects of timing and bridging strategy among students randomized to any API (secondary aim, N=591)

Main effects of Stage 1: timing of universal intervention
Ratio of follow-up 1 to baseline Ratio of follow-up 2 to baseline
Early
R/OR (SE)
Late
R/OR (SE)
Ratio of ratios
(95% CI)
P-
value
Early
R/OR (SE)
Late
R/OR (SE)
Ratio of ratios
(95% CI)
P-value
Primary outcomes
  Binge drinking frequency (R) 1.84 (0.21) 1.58 (0.19) 1.17 (0.84, 1.61) 0.347 2.87 (0.35) 2.10 (0.24) 1.36 (0.99, 1.88) 0.059
Secondary outcomes
  Alcohol consequences (R) 1.62 (0.13) 1.65 (0.13) 0.98 (0.79, 1.23) 0.876 0.89 (0.10) 0.89 (0.12) 1.00 (0.70, 1.43) 1.000
  Health services utilization (OR) 1.96 (0.31) 1.97 (0.32) 0.99 (0.63, 1.58) 0.980 1.21 (0.19) 1.52 (0.25) 0.80 (0.52, 1.22) 0.297
Main effects of Stage 2: selective bridging strategy to indicated interventions
Ratio of follow-up 1 to baseline Ratio of follow-up 2 to baseline
Coach
R/OR (SE)
Email
R/OR (SE)
Ratio of ratios
(95% CI)
P-
value
Coach
R/OR (SE)
Email
R/OR (SE)
Ratio of ratios
(95% CI)
P-value
Primary outcomes
  Binge drinking frequency (R) 1.79 (0.18) 1.62 (0.17) 1.11 (0.87, 1.40) 0.409 2.53 (0.27) 2.38 (0.23) 1.06 (0.84, 1.33) 0.610
Secondary outcomes
  Alcohol consequences (R) 1.65 (0.11) 1.63 (0.11) 1.01 (0.87, 1.18) 0.884 0.91 (0.09) 0.87 (0.10) 1.04 (0.82, 1.33) 0.721
  Health services utilization (OR) 1.86 (0.23) 2.08 (0.27) 0.89 (0.71, 1.12) 0.334 1.17 (0.15) 1.58 (0.22) 0.74 (0.59, 0.94) 0.014

Note: Ratios (R) and odds ratios (OR) are shown for log-link and logit-link models, respectively. P-values test the null hypothesis of no difference between groups or, equivalently, that the ratio of ratios is 1.