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. 2021 Aug 9;7:e657. doi: 10.7717/peerj-cs.657

Table 3. The performance indexes of the two controllers.

OpenSim with PD controller PD controller only
ERROR Hip error Knee error Hip error Knee error
RMSE 1.7 × 10−4 1.6 × 10−4 1.4 × 10−4 1.5 × 10−4
ISE 0.010 0.009 0.008 0.009
ITSE 0.003 0.003 0.004 0.003
IAE 0.1219 0.1164 0.1105 0.1100
ITAE 0.0845 0.0790 0.1076 0.0813